That is what multilayer air defence are for. And in this case, SM-3 or Aster-30 backed by ESSM or Aster-15 or VL MICA NG or CAMM-ER
30-06 SW, .308 Win, and 7.62mm NATO are all use the same bullet. You can even say they are the same bullet. The difference between them are the cartridge & powder...