Russia Naval News and Naval Vessels Program

Test7

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Russian Helicopters to develop modern shipborne helicopter
Russian Helicopters to develop modern shipborne helicopter


Russian Helicopters holding company (part of the Rostecstate corporation) has signed a contract with the Russian Ministry of Defence for the development of a modern shipborne helicopter. A signing ceremony was held as part of the International Military-Technical Forum “ARMY-2020”.

Development work will be carried out by specialists from the National Helicopter Centre Мil&Kamov. In accordance with the approved schedules, first stage of development is planned to be completed within three years.

The project will lead to the creation of universal shipborne helicopter capable of performing search and rescue, troop transport and ASW missions.

 

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The Russian Navy’s Project 885M multi-purpose nuclear-powered submarines will be armed with upgraded Kalibr-M cruise missiles that have a range of over 4,000km.
“The new submarines, Voronezh and Vladivostok, will carry new Kalibr-M missiles with a firing range of over 4,000km,” a source in the defense industry was quoted as saying by TASS during Army-2020 Forum on Friday.
The vessels were laid down at Sevmash Shipyard on July 20. The missiles that will go on these boats are capable of delivering either conventional high-explosive fragmentation or nuclear warheads to the target. “The new submarines will be better prepared for the mission of non-nuclear strategic deterrence compared to their predecessors,” the source added.
Project 885/885M submarines are armed with Kalibr-PL and Oniks cruise missiles and will eventually carry Tsirkon hypersonic missiles as their basic weapons.

 

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The Russian navy has conducted major war games near Alaska involving dozens of ships and aircraft, the military says, the biggest such drills in the area since Soviet times.
Russia's navy chief, Admiral Nikolai Yevmenov, said that more than 50 warships and about 40 aircraft were taking part in the exercise in the Bering Sea, which involved multiple practice missile launches.
"We are holding such massive drills there for the first time ever," Yevmenov said in a statement released by the Russian Defence Ministry.


It wasn't immediately clear when the exercises began or if they had finished.
Yevmenov emphasised that the war games are part of Russia's efforts to boost its presence in the Arctic region and protect its resources.
"We are building up our forces to ensure the economic development of the region," he said. "We are getting used to the Arctic spaces."

The Russian military has rebuilt and expanded numerous facilities across the polar region in recent years, revamping runways and deploying additional air defence assets.

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Russian warships take part in manoeuvres in the Bering Sea. (AP)


Russia has prioritised boosting its military presence in the Arctic region, which is believed to hold up to one-quarter of the Earth's undiscovered oil and gas. Russian President Vladimir Putin has cited estimates that put the value of Arctic mineral riches at US$30 trillion ($40.8 trillion).
Russia's Pacific Fleet, whose assets were taking part in the manoeuvres, said the Omsk nuclear submarine and the Varyag missile cruiser launched cruise missiles at a practice target in the Bering Sea as part of the exercise.
The manoeuvres also saw Onyx cruise missiles being fired at a practice target in the Gulf of Anadyr from the coast of the Chukchi Peninsula, it added.
As the exercise was ongoing, US military spotted a Russian submarine surfacing near Alaska on Thursday. US Northern Command spokesman Bill Lewis noted that the Russian military exercise is taking place in international waters, well outside US territory.
Lewis said the North American Aerospace Defence Command and US Northern Command were closely monitoring the submarine. He added that they haven't received any requests for assistance from the Russian navy but stand ready to assist those in distress.

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A Russian submariner looks in periscope during a naval exercise in the Bering Sea. (AP)


Russian state RIA Novosti news agency quoted Russia's Pacific Fleet sources as saying that the surfacing of the Omsk nuclear submarine was routine.
It cited former Russian navy's chief of staff, retired Adm. Viktor Kravchenko, as saying that by having the submarine surface in the area the navy may have wanted to send a deliberate signal.
"It's a signal that we aren't asleep and we are wherever we want," RIA Novosti quoted Kravchenko as saying.
The presence of Russian military assets in the area caused a stir for US commercial fishing vessels in the Bering Sea on Wednesday.
"We were notified by multiple fishing vessels that were operating out the Bering Sea that they had come across these vessels and were concerned," US Coast Guard spokesman Kip Wadlow said Thursday.

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A Russian submarine surfaces during naval manoeuvres in the Bering Sea. (AP)


The Coast Guard contacted the Alaskan Command at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, which confirmed the ships were there as part of a pre-planned Russian military exercise that was known to some US military officials, he said.
The Russian military has expanded the number and the scope of its war games in recent years as Russia-West relations have sunk to their lowest level since the Cold War after Russia's 2014 annexation of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula, and other crises.

 

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In late August 2020, the Russian Defense Ministry signed a contract for the construction of close to ten project 20380 corvettes. They will be equipped with multifunctional Zaslon radars to detect air and sea targets at hundreds of kilometers. Experts said the radars will make the corvettes independently find and destroy the adversary without guidance from the air, the Izvestia daily writes.


Russian Vyborg Shipyard laid the Purga ice class coastguard ship of project 23550 925 001

The corvette Steregushchiy in 2018. (Picture source: Mil.ru)


Defense Ministry and industry sources said all the new corvettes will be equipped with Zaslon. It can detect stealth craft at a distance of 75 km and easy targets at 300 km. It has been decided that most new project 20380 corvettes would operate in the Pacific Ocean.

Zaslon antenna is installed in the mast basis and resembles a pyramid with numerous facets. Each of them hides a stationary receiver-transmitter to monitor moving objects. Radar operators can see an exact and uninterrupted picture of the air, surface and ground situation in real-time. Traditional radars interrupt it because of rotating receiver/transmitter. The new radar has a control panel and high-frequency radio-technical devices.

Project 20380 corvettes were designed in post-Soviet time and are produced in big numbers. The Russian Navy operates six of them. The Steregushchy, the Soobrazitelny, the Boiky and the Stoiky serve in the Baltic fleet. The Sovershenny and the Gromky are in the Pacific fleet. The construction of the Retivy and the Strogy is nearing completion in St. Petersburg. The Aldar Tsydenzhapov and the Rezky will join the Pacific fleet in the coming years.

Defense Ministry sources said it was decided in 2019 to suspend the construction of corvettes, but the decision was later revised. Defense Minister Sergey Shoigu visited Amur Shipyard on August 12 to inspect whether it can produce another six corvettes in eight years.

A contract for continued construction was signed at Army-2020 forum. The number of corvettes was not disclosed. Those built by Amur Shipyard will join the Pacific fleet, expert Dmitry Boltenkov said.

"In Soviet time, a powerful group of warships was deployed in Kamchatka. However, all big ships were decommissioned in the 1990s. It is necessary to reinforce the direction. Two project 20380 warships operate in the Pacific Ocean and another two will be added in the coming years. But they are clearly insufficient. Modern corvettes have to protect Primorye region, Kurile Islands and Kamchatka where Russian SSBN are deployed," he said.

Corvettes of project 20380 are built with stealth technologies. The superstructure is made of composite materials to decrease the signature. The full displacement is close to 2.2 thousand tons, the speed is 27 knots and the cruising range is 4 thousand miles. The main armaments comprise antiship and antiaircraft Uran and Redut missile complexes, 100mm A-190 artillery gun with a rate of fire of 80 shots per minute, the Izvestia said.


 

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The Kazan submarine was laid down on July 24, 2009 and launched in 2017

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The Kazan, the first submarine of the upgraded Project 885M (Yasen-M class), entered the White Sea for sea trials, Russian Navy’s Northern Fleet press service announced Tuesday.

"Ships and assistance vessels of the Northern Fleet’s White Sea naval base initiated another stage of sea trials of the newest Kazan multipurpose nuclear submarine of the upgraded Yasen class. The submarine crew […] tests systems and mechanisms in the underwater position," the press service said.

The TK-208 Dmitry Donskoy heavy nuclear ballistic missile submarine is involved in the Kazan’s trials, among other ships, the press service said. After the trials are complete, all ships and vessels will return to their permanent base in Severodvinsk.
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The Kazan submarine was laid down on July 24, 2009 and launched in 2017. It is expected to join the Russian Navy in late 2020 to serve in the Northern Fleet. The main weapon of the Project 885/885M submarines are Kalibr and/or Oniks cruise missiles.


 

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A Russian Navy warship has now left Danish waters after colliding with a civilian cargo ship in the Baltic Sea. The mishap involved the Parchim-class corvette Kazanets and the Swiss-owned cargo ship Ice Rose, which is registered in the Marshall Islands.


The collision occurred yesterday, September 23, 2020, south of the five-mile Øresund Bridge that spans the strait between Denmark and Sweden. The Danish Armed Forces, or Forsvaret, announced the following day that the Kazanets had left the area and provided a photo of the damage to the Ice Rose, which subsequently headed north toward the Danish port of Odense. A large gash has been torn on the vessel’s starboard side, towards the stern, penetrating the hull above the waterline.
With an 800-ton displacement and a length of just over 236 feet, the Kazanets is dwarfed by the Ice Rose, which is over 475 feet long and which has a cargo capacity of 14,567 tons.


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The Parchim-class corvette Kazanets.
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The refrigerated cargo ship Ice Rose.


The collision between the corvette and the refrigerated cargo ship took place in what the Danish Armed Forces Operations Center described as “very dense fog.” There were no reported injuries to those on board either vessel, the center reported.
The Danish Armed Forces confirmed that no spillages of fuel oil or other pollutants had been detected after the collision. The case has now been handed over to Denmark’s civilian authorities.
Soon after the incident, the Royal Danish Navy patrol ship Najaden (P523) arrived on the scene, as did the Swedish Coast Guard vessel Kbv 432, to assess the situation and take part in search and rescue efforts if required.
The Ice Rose had departed St. Petersburg in Russia on September 21 and was headed to Gothenburg in Sweden. Following the collision, the cargo ship will be assessed by the Danish authorities to determine if it is still seaworthy.

 
Y

Yoyo

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I don't think this was an accident at all.
Denmark claims ownership over the vast Lomonosov Ridge in the Arctic because they consider it part of Greenland's continental shelf, which of course the Russians vehemently oppose. I leave connecting the dots to you guys.

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Russian ministry of Defense has planned to arm Russian marines with BMP-3F infantry fighting vehicles for coastal and landing operations, including firing from water. Experts believe the new vehicles will increase the firepower of marines several fold. They will be able to engage in local conflicts and in clashes with modern armies. The final decision will follow the trials of BMP-3F at the current Caucasus-2020 exercise, the Izvestia daily writes.

BMP-3F is a modification of the BMP-3. It has a better floating capability, a lighter water-repelling shield, a telescopic water intake pipe, and a water-repelling shield on the turret. It can sail on Force 3 sea with one-meter high waves and conduct precision fire in force 2 sea with 50cm-high waves. The maximum road speed is 70 km/h and floating speed 10 km/h. The amphibious vehicle can sail for seven hours.

It is armed with a 100mm gun that can also launch antitank guided missiles, a 30mm 2A42 automatic gun, three 7.63 machineguns of which one is coaxial with the gun. BMP-3 has the strongest armor of all the vehicles operated by motorized rifles, paratroopers and marines. The front armor can resist a hit by a 30mm shell. Side armor protects against bullets and splinters

In Soviet time, marine brigades were armed with BTR-80 APCs and amphibious PT-76 tanks. After the latter were decommissioned, the marines operated only armored personnel carriers. Today, they have BTR-82s armed with a 30mm automatic gun. In 2018, the Defense Ministry decided to reinforce the marines with armored fighting vehicles. So, their brigades received tank units. However, these heavy vehicles cannot be used at the first stage of amphibious assault when it is necessary to land on adversary-controlled coast and seize a foothold : “The main battle tanks can be used when a foothold has been seized,” expert Viktor Murakhovsky said. “Marines badly need a floating seaworthy vehicle with powerful weapons. BMP-3 properly performed in combat and its 100mm gun destroyed sheltered targets. There are guided missiles to fight armor. Compared to an APC, a tracked BMP-3 has higher all-terrain capability,” he said.

The new vehicles will increase marines’ firepower several times, expert Dmitry Boltenkov said. “BMP-3 is actually a light tank. An armored personnel carrier cannot be compared to it, as it cannot fight adversary heavy weapons. But the new combat vehicles will make marines able to fight tanks,” he said.

The naval BMP-3 modification was designed over ten years ago, but it was not supplied to the troops. Indonesia was the only country operating BMP-3F with its Marinirs. The first contract for a development batch of 17 vehicles for marines was signed in 2009. Another 37 vehicles were procured in 2012. Indonesian marines noted the high firepower of BMP-3F, its low silhouette, effective water jet, reliability and easy maintenance. “Indonesia has at least two battalions with the vehicles”, Murakhovsky said. “It is an island country and Indonesian marines have tested all the capabilities of BMP-3F. They landed from warships and sailed on the vehicles between islands,” he said.

Russian marine formations have been strengthened of late and their missions expanded. Russia currently has five marine brigades and one regiment, the Izvestia said.

 

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Saint-Petersburg, Russia based Sredne-Nevsky Shipyard (a company of the United Shipbuilding Corporation) says it has launched the Georgy Kurbatov minesweeper of Project 12700 today, 30 September 2020.

The ceremony was attended by the employees and veterans of Sredne-Nevsky Shipyard, representative of RF Navy, Central Design Bureau “Almaz” and Saint-Petersburg authorities.

The shipyard installed the superstructure, assembled tower and antenna equipment as well as general ship systems. It also performed painting of the hull.

Following the launching the ship will undergo outfitting with the preparations for the first phase of mooring trials to begin in the nearest time. The delivery to RF Navy is scheduled for 2021.

This mine countermeasures vessel of Project 12700 (Aleksandrit) was designed by Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau (a company of United Shipbuilding Corporation) for RF Navy. The ship of the new generation features the most advanced technology and naval architecture and marine engineering, the world's largest monolithic hull of fiber-glass plastic made by the vacuum infusion method. Monolithic hulls fabricated from glass-reinforced plastic feature higher strength and survivability compared to steel hulls. They also have lower mass and longer life cycle (over 30 years). The ship’s anti-mine gear includes an unmanned boat to search and find mines without a single risk to people’s life.

Key characteristics: displacement - 890 t, length – about 62 m, breadth – about 10 m, speed at full displacement – 16 knots, crew – 44.

Sredne-Nevsky Shipyard JSC, a part of the United Shipbuilding Corporation, was set up in 1912. The shipyard has built over 600 warships and vessels for the Russian Navy and foreign customers (13 countries worldwide). Currently, the shipyard builds missile boats, trawlers, passenger and work vessels for various purposes and is about to start the large-scale construction of mine warships of the new generation for the Russian Navy and foreign countries. Today, the shipyard is the leader of composite shipbuilding in Russia and the only plant in the country to build warships and civil vessels of 4 types of materials: composite materials, shipbuilding steel, nonmagnetic steel, aluminum and fiberglass. The shipyard has mastered the technology of building hulls of composite materials through vacuum infusion method.

 

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According to information released by the Russian press agency TASS on October 5, 2020, Russian Vympel Shipyard of the Kalashnikov Group completed trials and signed the acceptance act for Lamantin-class coastguard boat of project 1496M1, the Kalashnikov said.

“The fourth boat of the series is named the Grif. It will soon leave for the Black Sea,” it said. It is the project’s second modernized boat out of a series of 5 vessels which the Vympel Shipyard is building in the interests of the Border Service of the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB).

The boat was upgraded according to the requirements of the Russian Border Service. Effective weapons, modern navigational and communication equipment provide a broad range of functions in brown waters.

The boat can tow vessels with a displacement of 500 tons at a speed of 4 knots in coastal waters and carry up to eight tons of cargo, including three tons on the deck.

Project 1496M1 boats control inland seas and territorial waters, inspect and detain violators, carry cargoes and border guards, assist distressed vessels, extinguish fires in vessels and coastal facilities.

Project 1496M1 patrol boat is designed to observe the established regimes in internal sea waters and Russia’s territorial waters; detain violator ships, including high-speed vessels and boats; check the observance of the state border regime in open ports and at roadsteads; assist ships in distress located at internal and external roadsteads and extinguish fire on vessels and at onshore facilities.

The upgraded 1496M1 patrol boat has an improved hull. Its speed and carrying capacity have nearly doubled. The sea-going performance and the living conditions for the crew have also improved. The boat is equipped with a fire-extinguishing system to help ships in distress. All engines, generators and pumps are Russian-made. The main power plant consists of three diesel gear-reduction units.

 

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The missile flew to a range of 450 km, climbing to a maximum altitude of 28 km

MOSCOW, October 7. /TASS/. The Northern Fleet’s frigate Admiral Gorshkov successfully test-fired a Tsirkon hypersonic missile from the White Sea against a sea target at a distance of 450 km, Chief of Russia’s General Staff Army General Valery Gerasimov reported to President Vladimir Putin via a video conference on Wednesday.


"Yesterday, at 7:15 a.m., the frigate Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov test-fired for the first time a Tsirkon hypersonic missile against a sea target located in the Barents Sea as part of flight tests," the general said.


As the chief of Russia’s General Staff said, "the tasks of the launch were fulfilled, the test-fire was recognized as successful and the missile was registered to accurately hit the target."


"The missile flew to a range of 450 km, climbing to a maximum altitude of 28 km. The flight lasted four and a half minutes. The missile gained a hypersonic speed of over Mach 8 [eight times the speed of sound]," Gerasimov said.




After the state trials are over, the Tsirkon hypersonic missile system will be adopted for service on Russian Navy submarines and surface ships, he stressed.

Tsirkon hypersonic missile

In February 2011, then-Deputy Defense Minister Vladimir Popovkin announced plans to develop the Tsirkon shipborne system with a hypersonic missile. According to media reports, the missile’s flight tests began in 2015.


In his State-of-the-Nation Address to the Federal Assembly in February 2019, Russian President Putin said that the work on the Tsirkon hypersonic missile was proceeding as scheduled. As the Russian leader said, the Tsirkon was capable of developing a speed of about Mach 9 and its striking range capability could exceed 1,000 km. The Russian leader also said that the Tsirkon could strike both naval and ground targets. Putin specified at the time that there were plans to deploy Tsirkon on serial-produced surface ships and submarines, including the warships built or under construction for Kalibr cruise missiles.


Russia uses the 3S-14 universal shipborne launcher for the launches of Tsirkon hypersonic weapons and Kalibr cruise missiles. These launchers, in particular, are operational on Russian Navy Project 22350 frigates and Project 20380 corvettes.


Russia’s Defense Ministry plans to continue the flight tests of the Tsirkon shipborne hypersonic missile system, Chief of the Russian General Staff Army General Gerasimov said.


"The flight tests of the Tsirkon hypersonic missile will be continued," the general said.

 

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In Soviet times, Soviet Naval Aviation numbered hundreds of aircraft, both shore-based and shipborne aircraft. Back then, the inventory comprised out of fighters, bombers, medium-range and long-range maritime patrol/anti-submarine warfare aircraft.

Using the Scramble Magazine database a lot became known about Russia's recent years of Naval Jet Aviation history. 1992 seemed to be a good starting point for the now named “Авиация Военно-морского флота России” or Russia's Naval Aviation. The demise of the Soviet Union in 1991, coincidentally also marked the end of the operational life of the famous Yakovlev Yak-38 Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft. After relying heavily on the Yak-38 during aircraft carrier operations in the seventies and eighties, Russian Naval Jet Aviation had to rethink its strategy. September 1992 saw a large influx of Russian military hardware at the Farnborough International Air Show (UK). Surprisingly, both Yakovlev’s VTOL stable mates, the Yak-38M, an upgraded Yak-38 and its newer brother, the Yak-141, were part of the Russian contingent.

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After analysing our comprehensive database and show reports, Scramble Magazine has now learned that those appearances in 1992 were Russia's, and thus Yakovlev's last efforts, by also attempting to export those aircraft, to revive the VTOL for the Russian Naval Jet Aviation and maybe to save Russia’s Naval Jet Aviation as a whole. Also, in January 1992, the 100th Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment, which was formed at Saki in the Crimea on 10 March 1986, many of its personnel, led by regimental commander, then a Lieutenant Colonel, Timur Apakidze, refused to take the oath of loyalty to Ukraine. Aircraft and equipment were left behind and the personnel was regrouped at Severomorsk-3 Air Base, becoming a part of the Northern Fleet's 279th Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment. Strikingly, Apakidze, who later became a Major General, was notably the first one who would land a Sukhoi Su-27K (Later designation Su-33) on the flight deck of the aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov on 26 September 1991. This was later recognised as having paved the way for modern Russian Naval Jet Aviation. Sadly, on 17 July 2001, Apakidze died while, during an air show in honour of the 85th anniversary of Russian Naval Aviation, he crashed with a Sukhoi Su-33.

From 1993 onwards, everything became uncertain and fluid for Russia's Naval Jet Aviation. Russia faced domestic unrest, defence cuts and the beginning of large scale corruption. After the partly new built aircraft carrier Ulyanovsk was scrapped in 1992, the aircraft carriers Kiev, Minsk and Novorossiysk were decommissioned in 1993. The Admiral Gorshkov was later sold to China, leaving one aircraft carrier behind, the Admiral Kuznetsov. The Kuznetsov finally becoming fully operational at the end of 1995, after its launch ten years earlier in 1985, was first commanded by Apakidze. The aircraft carrier made its first 90-day Mediterranean deployment which ended in March 1996. By then Kuznetsov's aircraft had accumulated 2,500 landings on the flight deck with conventional Sukhoi Su-33 and Sukhoi Su-25UTG jet aircraft. Despite the impressive efforts and results, Kuznetsov's flight activity and intensity dropped from then on. At that point, the Kuznetsov moved out at sea for only two or three weeks' worth of manoeuvre training a year, until carrier activities were ceased almost completely.

Throughout the years, within Russia's Navy many notable changes, redistributions and restructuring took place. At one time Russia's Naval Jet Aviation consisted of a few dozen operational Su-24M/MR, Su-25UTG and Su-33 aircraft. Especially after 2011, when Navy Regiments operating the supersonic Tupolev Tu-22M3 bombers were transferred to the Russian Air Force's Long Range Aviation (LRA).

The year 2014 became a special year for Russia's Naval Jet Aviation. After having been expelled from Saki, the Russian Navy established their Naval Aviation Combat Training and Conversion Centre located near the town of Jejsk (Krasnodar Kraj). The centre near Jejsk never could compete with Saki (Novofedorivka Air Base) on the Crimean Peninsula. The Saki Naval Ground Test Aviation Training Complex, affectively called 'NITKA' (Nazyemniy Ispitateiniy Treynirovochniy Kompleks Aviatsii) by the Russians, had, because of its technical capabilities and strategic location, never been equalled. After the annexation of Crimea, Saki was now back in Russian hands. Also a new era started on 19 July 2014. On that day the Irkut Corporation delivered the first three Sukhoi Su-30SM two-seat multirole fighters to the Russian Navy.

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From offensive to defensive posture
Having relied much on the Yak-38 during aircraft carrier operations in the seventies and eighties a new era started. With the delivery of the first Su-30SMs, Russia's Naval Aviation had now its first new dedicated land-based multirole fighters in decades. Although it was first stated that they were delivered to the Jejsk Naval Aviation Combat Training and Conversion Centre in 2014, Scramble Magazine was made aware that during 2015 some of the Su-30SMs were already based with the 43rd Naval/Maritime Attack Aviation Regiment on the Crimean Peninsula keeping a watch over the Black Sea. Later, Su-30SMs were also distributed to the 4th Naval/Maritime Attack Aviation Regiment in the Kaliningrad exclave. It is expected that within a few years the Russian Navy will have some fifty Su-30SMs and modernised Su-30SM2s at their disposal. By then all Russian Navy Su-24M/MR missions will have been ceased and taken over by the Su-30SM. The 865th Fighter Regiment is one of the least known Russian Naval Air Regiments. Having been revived in the Kamchatka Territory during 2018/2019, the 865th Fighter Regiment is flying modernised Mikoyan Gurevich MiG-31BM fighters from Yelizovo-Petropavlovsk. The strategically chosen site is convenient for arctic patrols, supporting LRA bombers and possibly future operations with the Kinzhal (Dagger) nuclear-capable Air-Launched Ballistic Missile (ALBM).

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As for Russian aircraft carriers
It was due to Timur Apakidze's commitment that the Admiral Kuznetsov wasn't scrapped like other Soviet aircraft carriers as the result of drastic financial cuts in the Russian military during the nineties. The much-troubled aircraft carrier has made six deployments to the Mediterranean to date. The last was in 2016-2017. At the end of 2016, whilst operating from the Kuznetsov near and over Syria, two Russian naval fighters, a MiG-29K and a Su-33 crashed into the Mediterranean Sea. This is only a small selection of mishaps and incidents that have occurred on and from the carrier over the years.

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Although the Kuznetsov had its first active combat role during the Syria conflict, since it was then (2016) launched more than 3 decades ago, as part of a last window of opportunity by the fading Soviet Union to challenge American naval power, Scramble Magazine assesses that the combination between conventional naval jet aircraft and the Kuznetsov has never been really successful. At the beginning of January 2020, a concept of a new aircraft carrier, named Lamantin (Manatee), was presented to President Putin. Scramble Magazine assesses that the Lamantin, designed by the Nevskoye Design Bureau in St. Petersburg, will only stick to a concept for now. The will is there, but is there a need? The Russian Federation has no financial means to finance such a large project. In addition, there is no possibility for a location for this project within the borders of Russia. A military-technical cooperation with China could offer a possibility. Also, the Russian Navy has over the last years been significantly strengthened with new capabilities. For example, smaller ships that will be equipped with the 3M22 Tsirkon anti-ship high-precision missile in the future will pose a much greater threat to countries with a large navy.

New aircraft
The operational life span of many of Russia's naval jet fighters is long overdue. Land-based obsolete Su-24s are in the stage of being replaced by the Su-30SM. Despite old and outdated, carrier-based Su-33s and MiG-29Ks will, although not be operating from the Admiral Kuznetsov soon, soldier on for a while. Modernised MiG-31BMs will also be used for the time to come. Scramble Magazine assesses that the Kaliningrad exclave based obsolete Air Defence Su-27SM/UBs will be given priority. At this moment it is unknown if the Su-27 will be replaced by the Su-30SM2 or the Su-35S.

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At one point in history the Russian Naval Jet Aviation seemed doomed. Although this is not what Timur Apakidze had in mind while flying his Su-33 on the Kuznetsov aircraft carrier for the first time, the land-based Su-30SM has secured Russia's Naval Jet Aviation for the future. Also, the Crimean Peninsula and Kaliningrad will be given priority in the future. Multirole Naval jet fighters will be a part of that. While Russian aircraft carrier operations will be halted temporarily or will cease as a whole, it is expected that more land-based jet fighters will be added to Russia's Naval Aviation inventory in due time.

 

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According to information published by the Russian press agency TASS on October 7, 2020, the crew of the improved Project 885M (Yasen-M) nuclear-powered submarine Kazan of the Russian Navy has finalized the next stage of its sea trials in the White Sea, the Russian navy Northern Fleet’s press office reported.



Russian Vyborg Shipyard laid the Purga ice class coastguard ship of project 23550 925 001


Russian Navy Project 885M (Yasen-M) nuclear-powered submarine Kazan. (Picture source Twitter account EHA News)



"The crew of the nuclear-powered submarine Kazan has completed the next stage of its trials in the White Sea and has arrived in Severodvinsk. In addition to the sea trials in the surface and submerged positions, the submariners practiced the elements of the second special task of the combat training course," the Russian navy press office said in a statement.

The nuclear-powered submarine Kazan’s deployment at sea lasted over two weeks. The heavy nuclear-powered underwater cruiser Dmitry Donskoi and the motor vessel David Pashayev provided support for the latest submarine’s sea trials at the Northern Fleet’s naval ranges, the statement says.

The K-561 Kazan is a Yasen class nuclear-powered cruise missile submarine of the Russian Navy. It was laid down on July 24, 2009, and floated out on March 31, 2017. The sub is currently at the stage of its trials and is expected to join the Russian Navy in late 2020.

The Kazan submarine project was developed in the Malachite Design Bureau in Saint Petersburg. The Project 885M (Yasen-M) is an improved version of the Yasen-class built with low magnetic steel to reduce its magnetic signature. It is quieter than the previous version.

The Yasem-M submarine is armed with 3M-54 Kalibr supersonic cruise missiles and P-800 Oniks over-the-horizon supersonic anti-ship missiles. It has also the capability to launch the hypersonic missile 3M22 Tsirkon or Zircon. It is fitted with eight vertical СМ-346 (3Р-14В) silos able to launch cruise missiles as well as 10 torpedo tubes.

 

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The Russian Navy completed tests of the latest Karakurt-class corvette of project 22800 in the Arctic. It was previously unknown how far the warship can operate in low temperatures and bad weather. The Odintsovo corvette fulfilled all missions during a two-month sortie in the Barents and White Seas and trained missile fire. Experts believe the possibility to redeploy cruise missile carriers from the Baltic Sea to the Arctic will radically strengthen the Russian Arctic force, the Izvestia daily writes.


Russian Vyborg Shipyard laid the Purga ice class coastguard ship of project 23550 925 001


Odintsovo, a Karakurt-class corvette of project 22800 (Picture source: video footage Youtube update defense)



Russian Defense Ministry sources said the Odintsovo trials were successful. It sailed to the northern latitudes in August by inland waterways, fulfilled the missions, and returned to St. Petersburg.

Project 22800 corvettes are small ships with a displacement of 800 tons. They carry Kalibr missiles, 76.2mm AK-176MA gun, and can be also armed with Onix antiship missiles. The corvettes also carry Ortlan-10 drone having a range of 120 km and used as a scout and pointer. Drones make warships practically invisible, as they do not have to switch on radars and be detected by the adversary. Project 22800 corvettes are equipped with modern combat controls, detection, guidance and communication means.

The Odintsovo is the third warship of the series. It differs from predecessors by their Pantsir-M air defense missile gun system which comprises eight launchers and two-six barrel 30mm speed guns, enabling to shoot down cruise and antiship missiles, drones, airplanes and helicopters.


Russian Vyborg Shipyard laid the Purga ice class coastguard ship of project 23550 925 001


Pantsir-M air defense missile gun system (Picture source: Army Recognition)



The Odintsovo is to operate in the 1st Squadron of the 36th Missile Boat Brigade of the Baltic Fleet. It is based in Baltiisk in Kaliningrad region. The Mytishchi and the Sovetsk first two corvettes of the project are already on duty there.

The Baltic Sea does not have enough space for missile launches, even to a half of the range distance, former Navy Chief-of-Staff Admiral Valentin Selivanov said. Therefore, the corvette test fired missiles in northern seas. The successful completion of the mission in complicated weather makes their redeployment to the Northern fleet possible. “The small ship was tested in bad weather to see how the weapons operate in 5-7 force sea. In case the situation aggravates in the North and major adversary forces appear there, the corvettes can be redeployed from the Baltic Sea,” he said.

Project 22800 corvettes are delivered to the Navy in the biggest numbers. Eighteen corvettes have been ordered. They will be equally shared by the Pacific, Baltic and the Black Sea fleets.

Besides the Odintsovo, the Zeleny Dol Buyan-M-class corvette of project 21631 was also tested in the northern seas. The Baltic fleet warship arrived in the trial area by the Neva River, Lake Ladoga and Belomorsko-Baltiisky Canal. While in the Northern fleet, it called at Severodvinsk and Severomorsk. In the White Sea it live fired a Kalibr cruise missile, the Izvestia said.

 

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In accordance with Russian Navy’s combat training plan, two nuclear-powered submarines of the Pacific Fleet conducted a tactical exercise in the Pacific, the Russian Defense ministry annouced on Oct. 13.


Russian Vyborg Shipyard laid the Purga ice class coastguard ship of project 23550 925 001
K-44 Ryazan strategic nuclear-powered missile submarine (SSBN) (Picture source: Russian MoD)



In particular, the crew of the K-44 Ryazan strategic nuclear-powered missile submarine (SSBN), operating in the combat training range, worked out the search and destruction of a simulated enemy submarine. The Ryazan was opposed by the crew of one of the atomic submarine cruisers of the Pacific Fleet's submarine forces. SSBN "Ryazan" secretly entered the area of the exercise and after finding the "enemy" submarine, conditionally attacked it with anti-submarine weapons. At the same time, the crew worked out the entire algorithm of actions when attacking an underwater enemy, with the exception of the actual torpedo salvo. Further, avoiding a retaliatory attack, the submarine successfully carried out a post-salvo maneuvering.

The K-44 Ryazan was built by the SEVMASH shipyard inat Severodvinsk, launched on January19, 1982, and commissioned on September 17, 1982. It was overhauled in 2007 and in 2012-2017. 155 meter long, its displacement in surface is 10,600 tons, 13,700 tons submerged.

The Project 667BDR Kaľmar (Squid) Delta III-class submarine is a large ballistic missile submarine. Like other previous Delta-class submarines, the Delta III class is a double hulled design, with a thin low magnetic steel outer hull wrapped around a thicker inner pressure hull.

The technical description and requirements for a new ballistic missile submarine were published in 1972. Development of Project 667BDR was begun at the Rubin Central Design Bureau for Marine Engineering[3] under the direction of main designer Sergeiy Nikiticz Kovalev. The submarine was to be a successor to the project 667BD. The Delta III-class subs are significantly quieter and have a higher missile section for newer, longer-ranged missiles.

The hull is divided into ten waterproof sections. The first, third, and tenth sections are emergency sections with escape hatches and transverse struts added to increase pressure resistance. A new modular freon firefighting system was installed. A solarium and gymnasium were to be installed to improve living conditions.

The main propulsion system, OK-700A, consists of two pressurized water reactor VM-4S (2x90 MW) with two steam turbines giving 60,000 shaft horsepower (45,000 kW) to two five-bladed, fixed-pitch shrouded propellers with improved hydro-acoustic characteristics. Two back-up TG-3000 turbogenerators were also installed. Average period between refuelling and overhaul is about ten years.

The Delta III class are fitted with a new sonar system, the MGK-400 Rubikon (in submarine K-424, the older MGK-100 Kerch was installed), developed under the leadership of main designer S.M. Shelechov. The Rubikon can operate in infrasound frequencies, and contains automated systems for target classification. Its maximum range in ideal hydrologic conditions is about 200 km (120 mi). The Delta III class are equipped with a new battle management system, the Almaz-BDR (or MVU-JZBDR) torpedo fire control. For improved stealthiness, a new inertial navigation system, Tobol-M-1 (on newer ships Tobol-M-2), with higher accuracy, was installed. Tobol-M works with data from two observatories which are saved for two days, and also contains a hydro-acoustic navigational station (Shmeľ or "Bumblebee"), which allows the submarine to determine its position from hydro-acoustic buoys. The Delta III class includes the Molnija-M communications system, with satellite capabilities provided by the Tsunami subsystem.

In February 1973, State Rocket Center Makayev began development of a new two-stage liquid-fueled ballistic missile R-29R (3M40, RSM-50, SS-N-18). Improvements in the R-29R over the original R-29 include MIRVed capability and upgraded inertial navigation system with satellite-assisted navigation, giving the new missile greater accuracy (~900 m (3,000 ft)), increasing its damage potential against all types of military targets whether "soft" or "hard." Fire control for the R-29R is achieved through the D-9R ballistic missile system, which contains sixteen SLBM tubes, just like the preceding Project 667BD. The Delta III class most often carried 16 of the R-29R (height: 16.635 m (54.58 ft); diameter: 1.8 m (5.9 ft); starting weight: 36.3 tons) missiles each carrying 3 MIRVs (0.2 мт each) with a range of about 6,500 km (4,000 mi). They also can carry R-29RK with 7 (0.1 мт) MIRVs and range of about 6,500 km or R-29RL with single (0.45 мт) warhead and range of about 9,000 km (5,600 mi). Coupled with the R-29R's capabilities and the performance of the D-9R, the Russian Navy possesses, for the first time, the ability to launch any number of its missiles in a single salvo with shorter launch intervals.

The submarines have four 533mm bow torpedo tubes and carry sixteen torpedoes of types SET-65, SAET-60M, 53-65K, 53-65M, or any combination thereof.
 

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Naval Pantsir air defense system Tested from Russian Warship

Naval Pantsir on corvette Odintsovo

The Naval Version of Pantsir Air Defense System was tested from a Russian Warship for the first time today. The Russian Navy has tested for the first time the Pantsir-M close-in-weapon-system (CIWS), which is a marinized version of Pantsir-S1 air defense system. The live fire tests have been conducted from Baltic Navy's 22800 Karakurt-class corvette Odintsovo – the first Navy’s platform armed with Pantsir-M.

"The crew of the Odintsovotogether with the representatives of the industry during the tests successfully performed missile and artillery fire at an air target from the Pantsir-M anti-aircraft missile and gun system. Small-sizedM-6 aircraft targets, delivered by the Su-27 fighters of the Baltic Fleet naval aviation, were used as air targets", - reports the Russian MoD. All assigned targets were successfully hit.

TheOdintsovois the first Project 22800 ship carrying the Pantsir-M system which is developed and produced by KBP Instrument Design Bureau (part of the High-Precision Weapons holding company).
Naval Pantsir air defense system Tested from Russian Warship


Russia officially unveiled the export-oriented naval Pantsir at the IDEX 2019 in Abu Dhabi. According to Rosoboronexport, the Pantsir-MEprovides protectionfrom all types of aerial threats, including low-flying anti-ship missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles. The system is capable of simultaneous firing at four incoming targets with its missiles engaging aerial targets flying at a distance of up to 20 kilometers and at an altitude of up to 15 kilometers. The system can be used against land targets as well.
"The distinctive feature of the system is the combination within a single turret mount of missile and artillery weapons and of the integrated radar-optical weapon control system, which increases its combat efficiency as compared to counterparts that have each type of weaponry separately", - says KBP in its presentation of the system. The combat module is designed to contain 32 containerized SAMs, emphasizes the developer.

The Odintsovocorvette was laid down at the Pella Shipyard in St.Petersburg in July 2016 and launched in May 2018. The developer of the project is Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau (part of the United Shipbuilding Corporation). The export version of 22800 project is called 22800E Karakurt-E. According to the official information of Almaz, 22800E corvette is a new-generation small missile ship that incorporates the latest achievements in the field of precision weapons, and defense subsystems. The ship is designed to destroy critical shore-based targets and surface ships and boats, and to repel air strikes.

Naval Pantsir air defense system Tested from Russian Warship


 

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According to information published by the Russian press agency on November 2, 2020, a Russia Defense Ministry delegation participated in a meeting at Vega experimental plant of Zvyozdochka Shipyard to discuss new modern propulsion that will equip warships under construction including project 23900 amphibious assault ships and medium tankers of project 23130.


Russian Vyborg Shipyard laid the Purga ice class coastguard ship of project 23550 925 001


A computer-generated image of Project 23900 of Russian amphibious assault ship. (Picture source JSC Zelenodolsk Design Bureau)



The meeting was attended by USC CEO Alexey Rakhmanov, Russian Industry and Trade Deputy Minister Oleg Ryazantsev, and representatives of Kolomna Plant, Zelenodolsk and Severnoe Design Bureaus, and Vint Company.

It focused on propulsion for universal amphibious assault ships of project 23900 and medium tankers of project 23130. The propulsion center of Zvyozdochka unites the design potential of Vint and Zvyozdochka can replace imports and design prospective low-noise adjustable pitch propellers and pullout and folding steerable propellers.

Meeting participants visited production and test facilities to see various propulsion units of the enterprise.

Vega experimental plant is located in Borovsk in Kaluga region. It was created in 1946 as a production facility of Vint for the latest design of propulsion systems. In 2007, Vega plant merged with Zvyozdochka. It produces waterjets, azimuth and steering propulsion, as well as controls for unmanned underwater craft, and axial boosters of air-cushioned ships.

The Project 23900 is the newest class of Russian amphibious assault ships (LHDs) intended as a replacement for the French Mistral-class, two of which were ordered by Russia in 2011. In May 2020, it was reported by Navy Recognition The Russian Ministry of Defense signed a contract with the Kerch shipyard Zaliv for the construction of the first two Russian universal landing ships (UDC) for a total amount of about 100 billion rubles.

As TASS sources in the shipbuilding industry reported earlier, the displacement of ships of a new class for the Russian fleet will be 25 thousand tons, with a maximum length of about 220 meters. One Russian UDC will carry more than 20 heavy helicopters on board, will receive a docking chamber for landing boats and will be able to transport up to 900 marines.

The Project 23130 is a series of medium-size replenishment oilers developed by the Spetssudoproect JSC and built by Nevsky Shipyard for the Russian Navy. The ship is a medium-sized sea tanker with a strengthened steel double-hull of the Arc 4 class, for operations in the Arctic conditions. It can operate in temperatures from +45 ºС in summer to -30 ºС in winter.

The Project 23130 ship is approximately 130 m (430 ft) long, 22 m (72 ft) wide, and has a maximum draught of 7 m (23 ft). She could transport for example 3,000 tons of fuel oil, 2,500 tons of diesel fuel, 500 tons of jet fuel, 150 tons of lubricating oil, 1,000 tons of fresh water or additionally 100 tons of dry cargo such as food and spare parts to a distance of 8,000 mi (13,000 km) at a top speed of 16 kn (30 km/h; 18 mph).

 

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According to information published by the Russian press agency TASS on November 5, 2020, the Russian Navy Vasily Bykov corvette of project 22160 has completed Arctic trials. It tested its armament and life support. It was believed that project 22160 warships are unfit for the Arctic, but the corvette coped with all missions. It means the corvettes can operate in the northern seas against submarines, the Izvestia daily writes.


Russian Vyborg Shipyard laid the Purga ice class coastguard ship of project 23550 925 001
Russian Navy Vasily Bykov corvette of project 22160. (Picture source Turkey Live Map website)



The corvette sailed several months. It left the Black Sea in June for the Mediterranean, circled the French coast and sailed the North and the Baltic Seas to St. Petersburg for the Navy parade. It then sailed to the White Sea.

The Northern fleet said the Vasily Bykov arrived in its main naval base to test the weapons. The corvette spent two months in the Arctic. It confirmed that project 22160 warships can operate against submarines in the north, former Navy Chief-of-Staff Admiral Valentin Selivanov said.

“Many countries have claimed the region of late. US submarines train patrol under ice and surfacing. The successful sortie of the Vasily Bykov is important. It tested the operation of acoustic systems in the latitudes, airspace and sea monitoring means, and the engagement of weapons. It was a valuable sortie which provided a lot of data for the construction of other corvettes of the series,” he said.

Project 22160 corvettes have a modular scheme and can carry weapons for a specific combat mission. The sonars and other equipment are onboard in 40-ft sea containers.

Expert Dmitry Boltenkov believes the Arctic trials focused on the containers. “They mostly tested containers with missiles. After launches, they were possibly replaced with other modules. The White Sea is good for missile launches and has a proper range for them. Besides weapons, all other systems, such as life support and air conditioning, were tested in the harsh climate,” he said.

New modules with weapons and auxiliary equipment are tested. They include various seaborne weapons that can be delivered by sea to any part of the World Ocean.

The artillery arms of the corvettes comprise 76mm automatic gun. The Vasily Bykov has a sonar to detect submarines, as well as countersubversion equipment. The sonar can track combat divers. Two DP-65 grenade launchers and two Kord large-caliber machineguns are in charge of countersubversion defense.

The Navy currently operates the Vasily Bykov and the Dmitry Rogachev corvettes of project 22160. They both operate in the Black Sea fleet. They were designed to protect warships at sea and in naval bases.

The Odintsovo corvette of project 22800 was also tested in the North. It returned in late September after a two-month sortie and successfully fulfilled the missions in the Barents and White Seas and trained artillery fire to confirm that the corvettes of the project can operate in extremely low temperatures and bad weather. The trials were recognized as successful, the Izvestia said.

 
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