Well it can if we think of rear aspect but not much for frontal, actually you wont have much chance frontally if you are going at higher speeds than ~0.9 mach as air friction would cause the skin to heat up.
it is also dependant on how good your radar and return dB is, (lower the return dB, lower the minimum signal that can be detected) T/R modules increase the resolution and protection against EW, also makes you able to allocate more antennas for EW or ED
That's why peak power is important
Yes, you wont be getting a weapons lock without a radar lock, but there are some "modern" instances where you can use other aircraft radar via datalink to guide your missiles, we can give Kızılelma using TF-X radar to launch a missile as an example
Well, you don't.
that's why low RCS is important, (if you want 1/2 detection range you need 16 times less RCS)
You wont be locking on to a Kızılelma from 100 km while you can to F-16.
Also 400km figure is the instrumental range, not detection or so
it is not like they are not attempting or using, most of the airborne AESA's used today are products of early 2000s, technology was limited and GaAs has limitations
Power usage for both can be found from statements, i have found the 83's power usage from a Greek document and MURAD from DefenceTurkey.
Also for other stats i have used statements again, tho i used older T/R modules from ASELSAN, it doesn't change much