Long story in itself... Israel labour did lot of goof ups (but who didn't?), huge swathes of Israeli public lost confidence in the old stewardship ( meir et al. at the time) after Yom Kippur war...it served as opening for the old irgun cadre like Begin....and Likud story starts there more or less (consolidating all the right splinter groups).
Begin got a huge boost when Sadat saw him as credible party to sign peace deal with (precisely because Begin was "new" and was on the right so any peace deal would hold up for the rest of the disposition).
After this all kind of parties and leaders filled old socks and went running a bit differently now that Egypt (and Jordan) were out of the existential threat picture and the left-economic model was starting to stagnate, a new quagmire opening up in Lebanon and the reagan era consolidated certain political structures for the next few decades.
There is a massive irony behind this all as always....if you explore the (essentially peace-oriented) persona of folks like Gurion, Meir, Eshkol, Yigal, Peres and even Rabin (the many debates and interplay they had between themselves too on what Israel fundamentally ought to be and become), their early lives specifically.....and contrast them with folks like Begin, Shamir and Sharon (though Sharon was very complicated fellow let me say that)....and of course Barak and Bibi.
But so often the case, the less-inherently-peaceful folks are often seen as more credible by the outsiders to deal with (in making peace ironically)...because the peaceful-types are fighting us anyway (and whats the deal with that?...thats on them not us, we're the cleanest, honest folks etc)
This all imposes heavily on small country like Israel.
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