Korea Featured Space Programs

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Republic of Korea (ROK) Minister of Science and ICT Lim Hyesook signs the Artemis Accords during a ceremony May 24 in Seoul. ROK is the 10th country to sign the Artemis Accords, which establish a practical set of principles to guide space exploration cooperation among nations participating in NASA’s 21st century lunar exploration plans.
Credits: ROK Ministry of Science and ICT

The Republic of Korea has become the 10th country to sign the Artemis Accords, which establish a practical set of principles to guide space exploration cooperation among nations participating in NASA’s 21st century lunar exploration plans. Minister of Science and ICT Lim Hyesook signed the Artemis Accords for the country during a ceremony held May 24 in Seoul. South Korea, whose official name is the Republic of Korea, joins Australia, Canada, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the United Kingdom, the United Arab Emirates, Ukraine, and the United States, and is the first nation to sign the Accords under the Biden Administration.

“I am thrilled the Republic of Korea has committed to the Artemis Accords. Their signature demonstrates the strong momentum worldwide in supporting our Moon to Mars exploration approach,” said NASA Administrator Sen. Bill Nelson. “Partnering in deep space will ensure our missions are carried out in accordance with important, universal principles like transparency, safety, and peaceful exploration, which are critical to ensuring a safe, and prosperous future in space for all.”

“For successful space exploration, it is critical to implement space development activities transparently and responsibly by collaborating with the international community,” said Hyesook. “With the signing of the Artemis Accords, Korea would be able to strengthen cooperation with nations participating in the Accords in exploring the outer space.”

NASA, in coordination with the U.S. Department of State, announced the establishment of the Artemis Accords in 2020. The Artemis Accords reinforce and implement the 1967 Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, otherwise known as the Outer Space Treaty. They also reinforce the commitment by the United States and partner nations to the Registration Convention, the Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, and other norms of behavior that NASA and its partners have supported, including the public release of scientific data.

Additional countries will join the Artemis Accords in the months and years ahead, as NASA continues to work with its international partners to establish a safe, peaceful, and prosperous future in space. Working with emerging space agencies, as well as existing partners and well-established space agencies, will add new energy and capabilities to ensure the entire world can benefit from our journey of exploration and discovery.

 

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Nuri spec.jpg

Satellite projectile launch D-day "Nuri"

The launch of the Korean projectile KSLV-II "Nuri" is imminent. The final functional inspection test was completed and the preparation for launch was completed. If the launch is successful on October 21, South Korea will become the seventh country in the world to have space projectiles.

The Korean government plans to transfer core technologies to private companies through repeated launches of the Nuri and use accumulated experience and information to determine the direction of developing subsequent projectiles with improved performance.

The Nuri is a projectile made with pure Korean technology and has now completed all preparations related to the launch. After completing the WDR (Wet Dress Rehearsal) of the flight model (FM), he is waiting for the first launch scheduled for the 21st at the Naro Space Center in Goheung-gun, Jeollanam-do. WDR is the final preparation stage by putting the projectile on the launch pad and charging and discharging an oxidant at -183℃ to check if the projectile is operating normally in an cryogenic environment.

Considering weather variables, the preliminary launch period will be held for a week after the first launch date. Since there was no abnormality in the preparation process, it is unlikely that the scheduled launch date will change unless there are unexpected variables such as bad weather on the same day.

It is not easy to predict the possibility of successful launch of the Nuri. The success rate of the country's first launch, which developed the projectile ahead of South Korea, is about 30%. Naroho also succeeded in launching after two failures. However, considering the success of the test launch, it is observed that the possibility of failure due to serious defects is not high.

The history of the projectile test in South Korea

If the satellite projectile launch succeeds, South Korea will be the seventh country in the world to have space projectiles

The Nuri is an space launch vehicle that can put a 1.5-ton utility satellite in a low orbit of 600 to 800 kilometers.

The projectile consists of three stages, with four 75 tons of engine projectiles tied at the first stage. With the momentum of the first-stage rocket, it rises to the sky at a speed of 24,840 kilometers per hour. When the first stage rocket is separated at an altitude of 59 kilometers, the 75-ton second stage rocket is ignited, generating momentum to an altitude of 258 kilometers. When the two-stage rocket is separated and falls, the seven-ton three-stage rocket ignites, transporting the satellite to an altitude of 700 kilometers and then separating it.

The success of launching the Nuri means securing South Korea's satellite launch and space transport capabilities. Projectile development technology is strictly prohibited from transferring technology between countries. The United States controls the transfer of space launch vehicle technology through the Missile Technology Control System (MTCR) and the Export Regulation (ITAR). Most countries strictly control the leakage of key national technologies.

South Korea succeeded in launching the space projectile KSLV-I in 2013. At that time, the core technology, the first stage rocket, used a Russian system. South Korea could not attach the word "domestic rocket" because it only developed an 8-ton class two-stage rocket equipped with satellites.

Currently, nine countries in Russia, the United States, Europe, China, Japan, India, Israel, Iran, and North Korea can launch satellites on their own. Six countries, excluding Israel, Iran, and North Korea, are capable of self-launching more than a ton of practical satellites.

History.jpg

All Korean science technology are contained in Nuri (Without North Korea😜)

South Korea has carried out all processes such as design, production, test, and launch operation of Nuri with domestic technology. The main engines, 75-ton and 7-ton liquid engines, were developed on their own. If the launch is successful, South Korea will become the seventh country in the world to develop and own a medium and large liquid rocket engine.

In the early stages of development, the 75-ton engine was designed to be 25% heavier than the target by focusing on function and performance. Since then, data on engine functions and operating environments have been accumulated through repeated engine combustion tests, and it has succeeded in reducing weight by applying design improvement, structural analysis, and lightweight materials.

It has also secured clustering technology to tie engines. The key to clustering is to accurately align the four engines and produce uniform momentum. In order to solve high technical difficulties, sophisticated design and high-level ground tests must be performed. Securing clustering technology means that it has secured engine flame heating analysis and insulation technology, thrust uneven response technology between engines, and four engine assemblies, alignment, and direction control technology.

South Korea has secured some of its flame heating analysis and insulation technology through test projectile launches. In order to respond to uneven propulsion between engines, the analysis of the level of error in propulsion imbalance was completed, and the sole performance test of the ground fixture was also completed at the launch pad to check non-uniformity before takeoff of the projectile. Based on the shape design to secure engine alignment and direction control technology, a one-stage authentication model was produced and its performance was verified through a comprehensive combustion test. The South Korean government plans to continue developing large and small projectiles through performance improvement and clustering of 75-ton engines even after the launch of the Nuri satellite.

It has also secured its own technology to develop space launch vehicle engines and manufacture large propellant tanks and build projectile launch technology.

Test facilities are essential to develop liquid engines and major components such as combustors, turbo pumps, and gas generators. In the early days of the development of the Nuri, the test was conducted on a limited basis by renting test facilities in Russia. In the process of developing the Nuri, considerable investment was also made in building test facilities for engines and propulsion engines, allowing stable combustion tests for engines and propulsion engines. The test facility of the propulsion engine is equipped with precise control and supply technology for cryogenic fluids (liquid nitrogen 196℃, liquid oxygen 183℃) and ultra-high pressure (air, nitrogen, helium 400 atmospheres). It is evaluated that it has secured test facilities on par with test facilities in the United States, Russia, Europe, and Japan by establishing a vacuum simulation environment of 55mBar, which is up to 150 tons of thrust and an altitude of 20 km. After the development of the Nuri, these facilities will be used to improve engine performance required for next-generation projectiles.

Oh Seung-hyeop, head of the projectile propulsion agency development department at the South Korea Aerospace Research Institute, said, "Through the development of the Nuri, we have secured our own technology in the pre-design, manufacture, certification, and launch process of the three-stage projectile."
 

Ecderha

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The steps which South Korea is doing are the same steps which Turkiye is doing.
Diffrence is that South Korea started this path
1. 10~ years before Turkiye
2. Is that they don't have years for taking refugees and few years later same refugees start revolt against them
3. There are No biased so many countries against them and hate them by trying to destroy them as Turkiye have


All above make thier path of build own products making them independent, economy strong, build high educated and skilled citizens
 

Baljak

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The steps which South Korea is doing are the same steps which Turkiye is doing.
Diffrence is that South Korea started this path
1. 10~ years before Turkiye
2. Is that they don't have years for taking refugees and few years later same refugees start revolt against them
3. There are No biased so many countries against them and hate them by trying to destroy them as Turkiye have


All above make thier path of build own products making them independent, economy strong, build high educated and skilled citizens
It's really hard to acquire space science technology. This satellite launch is a really important moment for Korea because Korea has invested a long time, a lot of capital, and a lot of manpower to create the Nuri. Most countries with space science and technology, including the United States, belatedly put pressure and checks on latecomers such as Turkey and South Korea, who develop aerospace technology. By securing space projectile technology, we can get the underlying technology to build fighter engines that we call cutting-edge technology. We all know that obtaining this technology will bring tremendous profits to a country in the long run. It is most important for aerospace technology to invest in basic technology. For countries such as Turkey and Korea, acquiring such aerospace technology is not an option, but a necessity.
 

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Definitely one of the most impressive space programs in Asia (and the world) right now - great to see South Korea doing it step by step, the right way, covering all bases.

Orbital rockets & ballistic missiles are two sides of the same coin. If someone claims to have developed one but not the other, they're either bluffing or got the technology from somewhere else.

And I can tell you, South Korea isn't bluffing. Considering the presence of SLBM capability from the new submarines, South Korea can (and should) be in a position to equip top of the line, indigenously developed ballistic missile armament that is conventionally-armed now, but capable of nuclear armament at a future point.
 

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South Korea is a country that has made a habit of presenting its technology development stages in detail so it has been a very enjoyable and informative process for me to follow S. Korean projects and read their developments. I will be eagerly awaiting similar topics related to the valuable projects of his country from our Korean Moderator. I liken Turkey to Korea as the path it follows. Although Korea is always 3-5 steps ahead of Turkey in many field, I think that the two countries are rushing towards similar goals in different time zones. From this point of view, it is important for me to read and follow the developments of S. Korea in order to understand Turkey's next goals.
 

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S. KOREA SLV
KSR31m Diameter 9,6m Length150kg Payload80km Altitude2002
KSLV12,9m Diameter33,5m Length100kg Payload1500km
Altitude
2009
2010
2013
KSLV23,5m Diameter47,2m Length1500+kg Payload800+km
Altitude
2021


ISRAEL SLV and Ballistic Missile
Shavit21,35m Diameter22m Length300/500kg Payload600km Altitude2016
2020
Jericho31,56m Diameter15,5m Length1000kg Warhead5000km Range-


TURKEY SLV Programs
MUFA Test1,35m Diameter12/13m Length100+kg
Payload
300+km
Altitude
2023
MUFA1,35m Diameter19m
Length
100+km Payload400+km Altitude2025
MUFA+1,35m Diameter + Two side thru19+m Length200+km Payload550+km Altitude~2026-2027
UFA2,5-3m Diameter28m Length1500kg Payload800+km Altitude~2030
 

Baljak

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South Korea is a country that has made a habit of presenting its technology development stages in detail so it has been a very enjoyable and informative process for me to follow S. Korean projects and read their developments. I will be eagerly awaiting similar topics related to the valuable projects of his country from our Korean Moderator. I liken Turkey to Korea as the path it follows. Although Korea is always 3-5 steps ahead of Turkey in many field, I think that the two countries are rushing towards similar goals in different time zones. From this point of view, it is important for me to read and follow the developments of S. Korea in order to understand Turkey's next goals.
S. KOREA SLV
KSR31m Diameter 9,6m Length150kg Payload80km Altitude2002
KSLV12,9m Diameter33,5m Length100kg Payload1500km
Altitude
2009
2010
2013
KSLV23,5m Diameter47,2m Length1500+kg Payload800+km
Altitude
2021


ISRAEL SLV and Ballistic Missile
Shavit21,35m Diameter22m Length300/500kg Payload600km Altitude2016
2020
Jericho31,56m Diameter15,5m Length1000kg Warhead5000km Range-


TURKEY SLV Programs
MUFA Test1,35m Diameter12/13m Length100+kg
Payload
300+km
Altitude
2023
MUFA1,35m Diameter19m
Length
100+km Payload400+km Altitude2025
MUFA+1,35m Diameter + Two side thru19+m Length200+km Payload550+km Altitude~2026-2027
UFA2,5-3m Diameter28m Length1500kg Payload800+km Altitude~2030
Yes, I was looking for this! 😍
 

Baljak

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Nuri, which was launched at 17:00.

Nuri, South Korea's first satellite rocket launch, finally failed to launch. The Nuri launched at 17:00 today, and 50 minutes after the launch was over, KAI said it went through a 30-minute data analysis time and eventually failed for the dummy satellite to enter orbit 700km above.

during the launch process of the Nuri, the rocket entered orbit up to 700 kilometers and succeeded in separating the dummy satellite, but it failed to settle in orbit 700 kilometers of the dummy satellite and crashed.

Due to the failure, KAI said it plans to launch Nuri's redesigned second rocket projectile in May next year.
 

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Seoul plans to transfer space technologies to private sector, but dismisses chances of dual use​


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South Korea launches a homegrown solid-fuel space rocket for the first time Wednesday at a testing site of the Agency for Defense Development located in Taean, South Chungcheong Province. (File Photo - Ministry of National Defense)

South Korea aims to master technology for solid-propellant rocket vehicles by 2025, enabling the country to launch a constellation of military and civilian microsatellites at lower costs, South Korean military officials said Monday.

Seoul “successfully” test-launched an indigenous solid-fuel space rocket for the first time last Wednesday at the initiative of the state-run Agency for Defense Development.

The initial test was conducted to verify core technologies for space launch vehicles, including payload fairing and stage separation mechanisms, and upper stage attitude control system.

The development of a solid-propellant launch vehicle mainly aims to “put microsatellites and ultramicrosatellites into a low-Earth orbit,” a South Korean military official, who worked for a research institute under the auspices of the Defense Ministry, said in a closed-door briefing on condition of anonymity.

Solid-fuel carrier rockets have the advantages of being manufactured and developed with lower costs and “launched quickly” in comparison to liquid-propellant rockets.

Solid rocket launch in 2025
South Korea plans to launch a microsatellite mounted on a solid-fuel space rocket in 2025 at the Naro Space Center in Goheung, South Jeolla Province, where South Korea has built a launch site for solid-fuel rockets.

The ADD aims to launch a solid-fuel rocket vehicle with a payload of 500 kilograms into a low-Earth orbit of an altitude of around 500 kilometers.

South Korea’s ADD began acquiring technologies for a solid-fuel rocket before the government-funded Korea Aerospace Research Institute worked on developing a liquid-fuel rocket, such as the homegrown Nuri rocket.

But Seoul could begin technology application only after Seoul and Washington in July 2020 agreed to revise now-abolished missile guidelines and lift the restrictions on the use of solid fuel in a space launch vehicle.

Despite the setback, another official said that the “ADD has acquired world-class technologies for solid-propellant launch vehicles, including designing,” adding that South Korea stays ahead of North Korea in the related technologies.

Governments with advanced space technologies, including China, Europe, Japan and the US, have already simultaneously developed solid and liquid-propellant launch vehicles to expand their options to put various types of satellites into orbit. A liquid-fueled space rocket can carry medium and large satellites.

“Other countries utilize (technologies) and choose an option among two types of launch vehicles depending on their purpose. In this regard, we saw the necessity of developing a solid-propellant launch vehicle,” the first quoted source said.

The military officials explained that a constellation of micro and ultramicro satellites can function analogous to a medium or large satellite.

Technology transfer to private sector
The solid-fuel rocket has been designed to carry micro and ultramicro satellites for both civilian and military uses at lower costs, the official said, adding that such remote-sensing satellites are mainly to observe Earth and take photos.

The South Korean military, for instance, plans to put micro or ultramicro satellites into a low-Earth orbit for surveillance and reconnaissance.

But the military officials underscored that the technologies for a solid-fuel rocket will be eventually transferred into the private sector to boost the space industry.

“The state-run ADD plays the role of supplying technologies. But our ultimate goal is to transfer the technologies to the private sector and enable the sector to utilize the technologies,” the official said.

A third unnamed official explained that the South Korean government’s initiative was inevitable, in light of the chances of failing in developing technologies, the consequential risks and the costs, with which private companies would find it hard to cope.

Specifically, South Korea seeks to launch a space vehicle similar to the European-developed Vega, which has a mixture of solid-and liquid-fueled stages.

The ADD first plans to develop a four-stage space rocket that has three solid-propellant stages and an upper stage powered by a liquid-fuel engine. Then, the agency will look to develop a three-stage launch vehicle for enhanced orbital insertion accuracy and payload capacity.

Through the hybrid structure, Seoul can increase payload capacity in a relatively short period of time and reduce the costs of launching a space vehicle.

But ADD officials have ruled out the possibility of a solid-fuel launch vehicle being used as a missile.

Ballistic missiles and space launch vehicle technologies have long been intertwined. The difference between a space launch vehicle and a missile is what sits atop it -- a satellite or a warhead.

The first military official said the ADD did not consider dual use of a solid-fuel launch vehicle in the development process, although a missile and a space launch vehicle share similarities in generic technologies.

The direction to design a space launch vehicle and develop technologies differs from a ballistic missile, which requires atmospheric reentry technology and focuses on enhancing survivability to penetrate missile defenses. But cost should be a key consideration for launching a space rocket.

The official said a solid-propellant space rocket has never been used for a ballistic missile by any country in the past.

 

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2nd successful test flight of solid-fuel space rocket (ahem, ICBM, cough cough): no video released but ignited an UFO hype.

Military’s solid fuel rocket test sparks UFO scare​

By Park Jun-hee
Published : Dec 30, 2022 - 19:44
Updated : Dec 30, 2022 - 20:17

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(Courtesy of reader)

South Korea’s Defense Ministry said Friday night that the multiple unidentified aircraft flying over the sky was a successful test of its solid-fuel space rocket.
The test flight is a follow-up to another launch conducted on March 30. The ministry added that the launch was conducted to strengthen national defense capabilities in areas like independent space-based surveillance and reconnaissance. The ministry also apologized that it couldn’t inform people in advance.
At around 6 p.m., strange rainbow-colored lights were spotted in the sky in several parts of South Korea, including Seoul and parts of Gangwon Province, Gyeonggi Province, and South Chungcheong Province.
The meandering path and color of the rocket caused some witnesses to initially speculate it was a UFO, until the ministry made an announcement.
South Korea launched a solid-fuel space rocket for the first time in March, as part of a project to develop civilian and military surveillance satellites. The agency conducted the launch for Defense Development in Taean, South Chungcheong Province.
The March launch was the first test since South Korea and the United States agreed last year to end restrictions on the country’s ballistic missile and rocket development.

Source: https://m.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20221230000464
 
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Chocopie

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Video of 2nd solid-fuel rocket launch released. Notice: They tested only the upper stages (the full-size rocket will be larger with 1st stage). Successful release of dummy warhead, ahem, dummy „payload“ …


This is a video of a solid fuel space launch vehicle launched on the 30th of last month from the sea near the Defense Science Research Institute general test site in Anheung, Chungcheongnam-do. On this day, the flight test was conducted on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th stages except for the 1st stage. Combustion by solid propulsion engine, fairing separation, stage separation, upper stage attitude control technology, and payload separation (dummy) are essential technologies for space launch vehicles. satellite), etc., all were successful.“
 

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