Pakistan–Afghanistan border clashes are neither sudden nor unjustified.
When the Taliban took Kabul in 2021, the entire world vacated its embassies. Pakistan, which had hosted millions of Afghans for over four decades, kept its mission open and acted as a lifeline for evacuees during the chaotic withdrawal.
At the post-withdrawal UN-led conferences on Afghanistan, Pakistan was the loudest voice for unfreezing Afghanistan's $9 billion in assets. It even used regional forums like ECO to lobby for the same.
Pakistan hoped for peace and stability. Instead, the Taliban regime turned Afghanistan into a safe haven for the TTP.
Yet, despite repeated betrayals, Pakistan tried every peaceful route: religious, tribal, and official.
In July 2022, an 8-member ulema delegation led by Mufti Taqi Usmani went to Kabul to convince the Taliban and TTP to stop attacks. A few days later, a 17-member tribal jirga carried the same message.
On February 22, 2023, a high-level delegation led by Defence Minister Khawaja Asif and DG ISI Lt Gen Nadeem Anjum visited Kabul to push for peace.
In July 2024, Interior Minister Naqvi led another delegation for security cooperation.
Pakistan's diplomacy was not empty words. Special Envoy Muhammad Sadiq worked to build trade ties, leading to the Early Harvest Programme (EHP), which cut tariffs on eight key agricultural items for the benefit of both sides.
Pakistan kept talking even under fire. After the deadliest clashes in years in October 2025, it accepted a Qatar-mediated ceasefire and follow-up talks in Doha and Istanbul, which failed to produce a lasting agreement. In February 2026, Saudi mediation secured the release of three Pakistani soldiers captured by Afghanistan. Even after the war began, Pakistan sat down at China-mediated talks in Ürümqi in April. Its demands were minimal and fair: designate the TTP a terrorist organisation, dismantle its infrastructure, and provide verifiable proof. Even that was too much for the Taliban regime.
But what did Pakistan get in return?
According to Pakistan Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS) data:
• 2021: 89 attacks
• 2022: 262 attacks
• 2023: 306 attacks
• 2024: 521 attacks
• 2025: 699 attacks, killing at least 1,034 people
• 2026 (Jan–Aug): 3,150 deaths (including about 488 security personnel)
The worst betrayal came during Pakistan's 4-day war with India in May 2025. Afghanistan sent a 40-member TTP tashkeel, including the son of a Taliban official, to attack from the western front, stabbing Pakistan in the back while it was fighting its eastern enemy.
2026 has been the deadliest year for Pakistani security forces. By mid-year alone, 3,844 total fatalities, with 1,027+ security forces martyred.
In July 2026 alone, 112 security personnel were martyred, the highest monthly toll since January 2023. That month also saw eight suicide attacks; the most in a single month in a decade. Behind every number is a soldier, a policeman, a family.
What triggered Pakistan's latest strikes? Just one week is enough to understand.
A suicide bomber struck a mosque inside a police compound in Kohat. Eight gunmen then stormed the compound, and a 20-hour battle left at least 21 dead, mostly police officers, wounding over 100.
Days later, clashes in Hangu killed six Pakistani security personnel. The attackers were the TTP and its allied groups operating from Afghan soil. At the UN General Assembly, Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar told the world that more than two dozen anti-Pakistan militant groups are present in Afghanistan.
Pakistan's patience had run out.
On September 21, Pakistan struck three militant targets in Afghanistan killing 28 terrorists. The strikes were intelligence-based, targeted, and aimed only at the terrorists being hosted in Afghanistan.
How did the Taliban regime respond?
Not by acting against the terrorists, but by escalating. Taliban forces launched eight drones toward Kohat and Torkham and shelled Pakistani border posts.
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