The S-400 procurement was also a tool of a new, multi-vector foreign policy. Erdoğan wanted to demonstrate that Turkey was no longer merely following orders from the West, but was acting as an independent regional power. Furthermore, a strategic rapprochement with Moscow was absolutely essential to safeguard Turkey’s complex military operations in northern Syrian airspace (such as in Afrin or Idlib), which was effectively controlled by Russia.
In summary, from Ankara’s perspective, the purchase was not merely an arms deal, but a symbolic and practical breakthrough towards strategic autonomy – even if the price paid (exclusion from the F-35 programme and CAATSA sanctions) was massive, both in military-technical and economic terms.
At that time, Turkey was not yet independent or stable enough to effectively withstand subtle foreign policy pressure from the West; the reorientation of Turkish policy towards multiple axes – the economy, trade and defence independence – was still fragile. Time was needed, along with military safeguards or deterrents – in other words, the S-400s were purchased following the attempted coup as a means of political leverage; the message was: ‘We can buy even more from Russia and China; we have options – do not force us to have to use them.’
Whether one likes Erdogan or not – had he been overthrown during the coup, however, I can assure you with all my heart that all defence projects would have been put on hold; the country would have run up debts with the IMF once again and would have had to settle once more for the role of an obedient vassal, content with the scraps left on the table. Political, economic and military independence does not come for free – the more one pursues it, the stronger the external resistance becomes, seeking to dissuade one from doing so.
The S-400 has served its purpose, at least in the sense that it has allowed time to consolidate the transformation into a network power spanning East and West, and South and North. Turkey is too important to ignore, too significant to overlook, and too headstrong to be brought into the fold. The country exerts a unique pull that compels others in its vicinity to negotiate with it on equal terms, whether they like it or not.