EXCLUSIVE NEWS | Two More Tank Landing Ships (LST) to Be Built for the Turkish Navy!
The news that the Turkish Naval Forces will proceed with hulls three and four of the Bayraktar class is genuinely good, What I want to raise is a design question that becomes more relevant with each new hull: why are these new hulls still going to sea without a hangar?
The existing pair, TCG Bayraktar and TCG Sancaktar, have a quite large flight deck that could accommodate even a heavy-lift helicopter, but the ships lack a hangar. That is a meaningful operational gap, and it is worth being precise about why.
An LST without a hangar can land a helicopter. What it cannot do is sustain one. The flight deck is exposed to weather, corrosive salt spray, and operational tempo. A helicopter sitting on an open stern through a transit or a multi-day operation is burning maintenance hours and accumulating airframe wear with no return.
The crew cannot turn it around for a follow-on sortie efficiently, cannot arm or refuel it under cover, and cannot protect it during high sea states. The result is that the embarked rotary asset, when one is carried, functions as a passenger rather than an organic capability. It does one job and then becomes a liability on deck.
This is not a theoretical problem. It is one the Royal Australian Navy ran into directly. When the RAN acquired two former US Navy Newport-class tank landing ships in the mid-1990s, the first thing they did before putting either vessel into operational service was add a hangar. A hangar for three Sea King or four Blackhawk helicopters was added, while the aft helicopter deck was reinforced. The conversion took years and was expensive, but the RAN's judgment was clear: an LST without organic rotary sustainment is a fundamentally less capable platform according to their doctrine. HMAS Kanimbla and HMAS Manoora subsequently served in East Timor, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami response, and multiple coalition operations in that configuration. The hangar was not a luxury addition; it was the thing that made the ships operationally flexible.
The design logic is also visible at the lower end of the displacement range. The Makassar-class LPDs operated by the Indonesian Navy displace in the same general bracket as the Bayraktar class and were designed from the outset with integrated hangar facilities. The LPDs feature helicopter landing spots and hangar facilities to support the operations of light and medium-sized helicopters. The first two ships can carry three helicopters while the third and fourth ships can accommodate five helicopters each. This is not a comparison between different tiers of platform; it is a comparison between two approaches to the same rough displacement category, and the Makassar design chose to invest in sustained air capability while the Bayraktar design did not.
The operational implication for the Bayraktar class is specific. These ships are not replacements for TCG Anadolu; they operate in contexts where the LHD is either unavailable or inappropriate. Island contingencies, lower-intensity coastal operations, humanitarian response with a military component, or distributed operations where the amphibious force is not concentrated under a single task group commander.
In exactly those scenarios, the ability to sustain an organic helicopter around the clock without dependence on a shore facility or another ship is the difference between a platform that can act independently and one that needs to wait for support.
A hangar integrated into the superstructure of hulls three and four, sized for two to three medium helicopters, would not require discarding the current vehicle and troop capacity. It would require a deliberate design decision at the outset, which is precisely the moment the program is at now. Retrofitting it later, as the RAN discovered, is technically feasible but operationally disruptive and expensive.
The Bayraktar class is already a capable platform. The question is whether the Turkish Naval Forces want hulls three and four to be capable platforms or more capable platforms. The hangar is the most straightforward answer to that question.
The alternative path, procuring one or two dedicated LPDs to fill the same gap, would deliver comparable or greater rotary capability but at substantially higher unit cost and with a longer construction timeline. Integrating a hangar into hulls three and four achieves the core capability gain within a program that is already contracted, at a fraction of that cost.