a) the Biden administration was planning to impose some form of watered-down version of CAATSA so as it avoid the spectacle of "double-standards" or "exceptionalism", while continuing to work with India on platforms where it is crucial such as QUAD, and perhaps continuing arms sales & strategic relations. This may have been unacceptable to the Indian Govt as it could still prove to be enough fuel for both the Russian lobby & the so-called "Non-Aligned" lobby to drive a permanent wedge between India & the US on public platforms, which in turn may prove detrimental to the national security interests of both India, the US and even the other two QUAD states.
Pro-India lobbies across party lines may have been set in motion to prevent this from happening and to grant the waiver, while upping the stakes by making it clear that if CAATSA, in whatever form, were to be imposed, it will have negative effects across the spectrum - including in QUAD as well as the crucial Vaccine collaboration that is forming with the aim of edging out Chinese 'vaccine diplomacy' in South-East Asia & elsewhere.
The lobbying only plays some role in this at the middle tiers.
The top tier being the visible faces of leadership etc we see in the media.
But what of the "base" layer?
Here there was clear messaging given by Indian MEA since 2017 (taking the baton from earlier dialogues in post 9/11 era in general) at the relevant deep exchange meetings with US side about CAATSA, QUAD, sunset windows needed etc.
It was made clear to them (core base-layer bureaucrats sometimes called the "Deep state") what the gas pedal inputs from their end would get in wheel speed and traction results for the joint vehicle ride.
i.e what a status quo would involve....or slight improvement and deteoriation of it in relation to such things as the QUAD (and Indo-US strategic partnership that preceded it still being fairly new).
Basically they know if they want India to take the Quad seriously and improve/expand/deepen its scope....that is on
them mostly to set the clear route for us to see and take stock of (given US being the far more powerful country in the relationship to make this so).
Any funny business like CAATSA sanctions etc, just means status quo or deteoriation in the Quad...as they clearly know what our inertia is with Russia on this stuff that we need time to maneuver.
Some of this is what I also mention here:
Srinagar, Oct 28: Chief of British Army General Sir Mark Carleton-Smith on Thursday visited Srinagar-based Chinar Corps of the Indian Army. "General Sir Mark Carleton-Smith, Chief of the General Staff, #BritishArmy visited #ChinarCorps and interacted with Lieutenant General DP Pandey, GOC...
defencehub.live
b) the decision to grant a waiver (which only the President and/or Secy of State can do AFAIK) may have already been reached internally, but in order to avoid the spectacle of this being a "unilateral" foreign policy decision which again brings with it the spectacle of double-standards and/or exceptionalism, there is political gimmickry afoot to make the waiver seem as a Republican proposal, and by accepting it, an image of the waiver decision being reached as a result of bipartisan consensus can be created - alleviating the potential risk of problem actors from both ends of the political spectrum from raking up the issue at a future point to put the Biden administration's foreign policy in a spot.
Executive "Biden" waiver does not come into picture here much.
A number of Obama waivers got into hot water (not covered by Media much) over Iran deal impulsiveness EO's relative to the bedrock inertia commited in legislature (and thus judiciary then being an arbiter). That is just foreign policy example of waiver issues....there are many domestic policy ones that I wont go into....
CAATSA was voted in the US legislature by massive bipartisan super majority in 2017.
Essentially it became executive veto-proof.
Trump grumbled about signing it (given some parts of it he didnt like etc)....but even if he didn't sign it....congress would make it law because of the overwhelming super majority in legislature backing it.
This is why CAATSA waiver (for India) also has to be done by the same legislature....rather than president/executive.
It boils down to senators and representatives seeing the bigger picture w.r.t India and the Quad and how they want to see that steered this decade from their end. Binding India to it (CAATSA) means that all gets hamstrung big time.....
India they know will make do with that....our memory is long you see.
In the euchre term, it is them that must show why (hopefully 1 or 2 "bowers" in hand) they declared the trump suit (but didn't go it alone, i.e indicating they prefer help)....and we will play our hand accordingly to that.
But we know previous hands, and know there are future hands to play, this round is just in "the middle somewhere"...and there can always be rematches after anyway.
Previous hands when they were not sitting as partner (in Euchre)......we bring up that CBG in Bay of Bengal as needed to remind them....the drama that unfolded between Ted Kennedy (legislature) and Tricky Dicky (executive) more broadly.