ANKA-3, F-35 and Patriot: Mathematical and Battlefield Realities
In recent days, an analysis that occasionally appears on social media, along with claims related to this analysis, has started circulating again:
Claim 1: “Geometrically, ANKA-3 is stealthier than the F-35.”
Claim 2: “Patriot C Band performance is 120 km → RCS 1.5 m²; ANKA-3 C Band RCS is 0.002 m²; the Patriot radar detects ANKA-3 at 23 km, while ANKA-3 can launch TOLUN from 100 km and silence the Patriot radar.”
Claim 3: “The F-35A aircraft cannot determine that ANKA-3 is approaching from farther than 29 km using its own radar.”
Although I partially agree with the claims, “stealth is not a number; it is a system”!
There is no need for analysis of what is written in Claim 1.
“Flying wing” geometries such as ANKA-3 (it does not even have a canopy) theoretically have a lower RF signature than geometries such as the F-35.
But stealth ≠ geometry!
Stealth as a whole consists of RF, IR, acoustic, visual, etc. signatures.
There are many technologies on the F-35, including its coatings; we do not know all of them.
Nor do we know those of ANKA-3!
For example, the F-35’s AN/ASQ-239 electronic warfare system passively maps and identifies enemy radars and enables active jamming!
The claim that ANKA-3’s C-band RCS is 0.002 m², mentioned in Claim 2, is the result of a simulation and probably applies to a full nose-on aspect!
In fact, RCS is not a single value; it continuously changes depending on the angle of arrival, radar polarization, operating frequency, and the aircraft’s instantaneous attitude.
At different positions, the RCS value can increase exponentially, and the detection range can increase accordingly.
I am setting these aside!
If we accept the values given for Patriot as correct, you can obtain 23 km by applying the fourth-root factor in the basic radar equation to the ratio.
However, what is not taken into account is that, in order to launch TOLUN munitions to 100 km, you need to be at an altitude of approximately 35,000 ft, meaning that your aspect angle is different.
And that you would directly enter the search angle of the Patriot radar!
And the RCS would spike as soon as you open the internal weapons-bay doors!
Patriot batteries generally do not consist of a single radar either; SHORAD (Short-Range Air Defense) systems and PAC-3 MSE interceptor missiles are also positioned around them.
And modern air warfare is no longer a battle between individual radars!
Coming to Claim 3, let us assume that the F-35A’s radar detects a standard 1 m² target at 160 km. If we take ANKA-3’s X-band RCS from a full nose-on aspect as 0.001 m², we can arrive at approximately 29 km.
The formula is correct, and the calculation is consistent!
However, the F-35 does not search using radar alone!
The moment ANKA-3 establishes a datalink, uses its RA, or activates an active sensor, the F-35’s electronic warfare system can theoretically determine its bearing from up to 300 km away!
So, although the mathematics may be correct, it may not always correspond to the realities of the battlefield.
On the battlefield, survivability is the sum of many factors.
And, as for the Patriots, I think they are not really the problem; there are many scenarios for taking them out!
I think the real point we should focus on is this:
Neither the F-35 nor ANKA-3 will be able to fly like a “Red Baron.”
Neither is an “individual actor”; each is a “node in the network.”
Very few countries in the world possess the ANKA-3, and alongside KAAN, it will be an excellent force multiplier!
Son günlerde sosyal medyada ara ara çıkan bir analiz ve bu analize ilişkin iddialar tekrar dolanıyor:
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