He will drown "Moscow": unknown details. How the Ukrainian "Neptun" destroyed the flagship of the Russian fleet
ROMAN ROMANIUK — TUESDAY, DECEMBER 13, 2022, 5:30 A.M
April 13, 2022 was perhaps the worst day to try to sink the cruiser "Moscow" - the weather was terrible.
Heavy rain clouds covered the sky over the Black Sea along the Ukrainian coast from the very morning. They hung in a continuous line at a height of only a few kilometers above the water, and through them it was possible to see at least something in the sea from the sky.
Neither airplanes, Bayraktar drones, nor optical satellites helped.
In such conditions, an over-the-horizon radar could help, the signal from which is able to circle the earth. But on April 13, the operator of the "Neptun" complex in the Odesa region had only ordinary radars at hand, which almost do not see targets further than 18 kilometers away.
All this was also realized on the cruiser "Moskva", whose crew seemed to be completely safe.
"They understood that they couldn't be seen from the sky, from the shore, too. Plus, they had very serious anti-aircraft systems on board and other defense systems. That's why they swam 120 kilometers to the Ukrainian coast. And this self-confidence killed them," he says. one of the Ukrainian rocket engineers involved in the creation of "Neptune" is not recorded.
Nature itself unexpectedly helped Ukraine on April 13. The operator of "Neptune" should not have reached "Moscow" with ordinary radar, but this is exactly what happened. So, after a few minutes of heavy hesitation and consultation, he gave the "launch" command, and two rockets flew towards the Russian cruiser at a short interval.
The approximate time of their approach should have been a little more than 6 minutes. No one knew what would happen after those minutes had passed.
"Ukrainian Pravda" conducted dozens of interviews with people from the Ukrainian military sphere, spent several weeks, obtained photos of the historic launch and now offers readers the first reconstruction of how the Ukrainian "Neptun" sank the Russian cruiser "Moskva".
Battle Baptism "Neptune"
Almost no one knows about it, but the first combat use of "Neptunes" took place not in April, but in the first days of the full-scale invasion of Russia.
It was then that three Russian amphibious ships emerged from the ports in Crimea and headed towards the Ukrainian coast in the Mykolaiv region. The landing of Russian troops in this area gave them a springboard to attack both Mykolaiv and Odessa.
It was to defeat these ships that the first three Neptunes were launched.
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The first launches were from the south of the Odesa region, and were fired in the direction of Mykolaiv. Therefore, the rockets had to pass over Odesa, and in order for it to be safe for the city, they were launched not at a height of 5-6 meters above the water, as it should be, but somewhere on 120 meters. It is obvious that the Russians detected them and most likely destroyed them. It is interesting that they even shot down their own plane, which was hunting Neptunes in that area, - an interlocutor in military circles related to the Neptune project told UP .
It was not possible to establish what day it was, but it happened no later than February 26. It was on that day that the General Staff issued an official statement that a Russian warship
had shot down its own plane over the Black Sea.
None of the "Neptunes" hit their target, but, according to UP interlocutors, the Russian amphibious ships, startled by the very possibility of such missile strikes, turned around and dozed off to Crimea.
Their "surprise" can be understood. After all, the "Neptuns" were not supposed to be in service with the Armed Forces of Ukraine at the end of February.
After successful
state tests in 2020, "Neptune" was adopted, but in reality the project was put on hold. Only at the end of that year, in particular, after the meeting of the head of KB "Luch" Oleg Korostelev and Volodymyr Zelenskyi, money was found for "Neptun" at the personal request of the president.
The first full-fledged complex on the new chassis from "Tatra" was assembled in August 2021 before the parade for the 30th anniversary of Independence Day.
The full composition of the complex was shown at the parade: a mobile control point, a universal self-propelled launcher, transport and charging machines and tractors.
However, long months passed between showing in the parade and entering the army. In December 2021, the Commander of the Naval Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Oleksiy Neizhpapa announced in a military television story that the first division of "Neptunes" should enter the army only in the spring of 2022.
"In the spring, it will be fully ready and included in the Navy of Ukraine. Some equipment has already been purchased, in the spring we will have a fully ready divisional set of the Neptune complex," said the Navy commander.
But even in December there were still no missiles. According to the UP, the first missiles ordered by the state for the army left Odessa only on February 20, 2022. Literally a few days before the full-scale invasion, they were taken out of the factory in Kyiv, which was then fired at by Russia three times with its missiles.
Fortunately, they managed to be put on combat duty, and it was they who saved Mykolaiv from the above-mentioned Russian ships.
Dazzle "Neptune"
The first use of "Neptunes" left a two-fold impression on the military. The crews of the complexes were trained by missile developers, and after the February launches, the military had disturbing doubts. Something was wrong.
"For the operators, the biggest disappointment is when their missiles simply disappear somewhere and do not hit anywhere. Therefore, after the first launches, sometime in March, the operator in charge of the complex began to get paranoid in a good way. He ordered to check all the missiles - node by node ", - says one of the interlocutors of the UP in military circles, who is familiar with the situation.
For inspection, a group of specialists came from Kyiv Design Bureau "Luch", which is the main developer of the missile, and discovered a very suspicious pattern.
"Specialists came from Kyiv and really did the trick. They discovered that one part of all the rockets was out of order, because of which the rockets did not detonate as they should have. They fixed everything, and immediately the next launch, two rockets - in the apple" - he says interlocutor of the UP, related to the "Neptune" project.
All this looked like a planned diversion. True, the sources of "Ukrainian Pravda" in KB "Luch" are not inclined to the version about intentional damage.
"We are constantly called to repair or check something. This is the specifics of the product. The rocket is filled with very sensitive electronics, there are many dangers for it even at the stage of simple transportation. I don't think that there was any sabotage", - assures the interlocutor of the UP at the company developing the rocket .
At the same time, two other independent sources, including in the army leadership, suggest that the missiles could have been damaged on purpose.
"There really was such a story. It turned out that all the missiles had the same malfunction, and it was clearly specially made. It was the only time in the entire war when I could say that it was like treason. But everything was fixed, and the "Moscow" there are no more," our intelligence interlocutor admits.
Find and sink: the collapse of "Moscow"
On April 13, around 4:00 p.m., the operator of the "Neptun" complex with a well-known but currently classified Ukrainian surname received very unexpected data on the radars.
His conventional radar showed that there was a large target about 120 kilometers from the coast. There could be only one object of a similar size in this sector of the Black Sea - the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation, the cruiser "Moskva".
But how could an ordinary radar show an over-the-horizon target at such a distance? As the Ukrainian rocket engineers are convinced beyond the record, nature itself has sided with the defenders.
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Due to the fact that there were dense clouds over the sea, the signal from the radar reflected from them to the surface of the water, and from the water back to the clouds.
"At the time of the invasion, we did not have over-the-horizon radars, and Russia knew about it. But since the clouds were very low and the signal from this corridor between the water and the clouds had nowhere to go, the radar unexpectedly reached Moscow," the interlocutor explains UP
The Russians were so sure of their own inaccessibility to Ukrainian forces that, as our interlocutors suggest, they probably did not even activate the air defense systems. Although even on, they would have big problems with the Neptunes.
"Neptune" is a slow-moving missile on liquid fuel that sneaks up to the ship unnoticed until the very last moment. Until it's too late. Conventional anti-aircraft systems almost do not see it, because it flies over the water itself," explains an interlocutor from among the NSDC members in a conversation with UP.
The Western press has its own version of events.
According to
"The New Yorker" , on April 13, Ukraine sent a request to the European NATO center with a request to confirm the coordinates of the target and received confirmation from there. And
"The New York Times" was convinced that the American P-8 Poseidon reconnaissance aircraft was used to fulfill Ukraine's request, which provided the exact coordinates.
The profile publication "Navy Recognition" provided the same information .
However, Ukrainian military circles are skeptical of the excessive exaggeration of the role of allies.
"All these stories about how the "great uncles" help us are only in the hands of Russia. In fact, we ourselves are capable of solving problems of incredible complexity. Well, do you really think that it was difficult to find the cruiser "Moskva"? This is a 120-meter mountain of iron and electronics in the small Black Sea. It is penetrated by any satellites in any range. We constantly saw it and recorded it," - one of the interlocutors of the UP in the circles of the army command is indignant.
"We have data from several dozens of satellites, but now Prytula has bought more . The problem was not to find "Moscow", but to get it," he adds.
And on April 13, the Russian cruiser unexpectedly entered the zone of damage of Ukrainian missiles. As soon as it was recorded, at around 4 p.m., two Neptunes were launched, which flew one after the other in the direction of "Moscow".
"Ukrainian Pravda" managed to obtain a photo of this historic missile launch.
But the most interesting phase of the operation began just after the rockets flew into the sea.
According to rocket scientists' calculations, the flight of the "Neptunes" to such a distance should have taken a little more than 6 minutes. But how do you know if the rockets hit?
According to UP interlocutors familiar with the course of the operation, the "Bayraktar" operators refused to take off to verify the hit: they would not have seen anything above the clouds, and flying under the clouds is a 100% shot down.
"That's why no one knew whether it was possible to hit. But then the data came that the "Moscow" hit full forward. This meant that something did happen. It was clear from the trajectory that the cruiser wanted to hide behind the "Boyk towers". This is a large metal ob "object, and when the missile flies, it will first capture the tower as a target, and the ship behind it will be safe", - says the interlocutor of the UP among the rocketmen, off the record.
In parallel with that, four ships simultaneously rushed to "Moscow" from different directions.
But just then, an unexpected storm began at sea , and any rescue operations became very difficult.
When the Ukrainian military realized that a tugboat had left Crimea for "Moscow", it became obvious to them: the situation on the cruiser was critical.
One of the leading current security forces wrote that night to UP journalists: "Moscow is everything."
***
The next day, the storm on the Black Sea subsided. The cloudy sky became lighter, the winds subsided. The only thing that disturbed the post-storm idyll was a heavy black silhouette that could be seen from a distance of tens of kilometers.
It seemed that some random blue whale had suddenly swum into the Black Sea and was now surfacing to find its way back.
In fact, this "whale" did not surface, but gradually went to the bottom. The "Moscow" hit by two "Neptunes" was seen by hundreds of Russian sailors from other ships, who could only helplessly circle around.
It was no longer possible to even tow the cruiser, which had been piled up on the port side, to the Crimea.
The first critical hours were lost to the storm.
Nature itself seems to have helped Ukraine to send the flagship of the occupation fleet to where it was sent by the defenders of the "Snake" island back on February 24, the first day of the full-scale invasion.
Roman Romaniuk, UP