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[This is off-topic response to TR_123456, but thought I might answer publicly; feel free to move it wherever it's appropriate]
It's quite simple; you cannot teach something you don't know yourself. It's about the quality of teachers and their absolute ignorance about pedagogical methods which work in language acquisition (which implies the teacher's instructors themselves didn't emphasize or know the working methods). I once told a Ministry of National Education bureaucrat that "people always complain about the educational system. There's no such thing as the educational system." It's kind of a rhetorical thing to say, but what I mean is that the problem with education is almost always a country's ability to train quality teachers, keeping pace with population growth; not "student per classroom", examination procedures, textbooks, etc. Those are factors, but minor ones. A great teacher will churn out competent students even if they work with the world's most horrendous curriculum, a horrible textbook, awful examination procedures which incentivize all the wrong things, a 100 student classroom, with leaky roof and no heating system and a broken blackboard.
So you have to look at how you train teachers, and pinpoint where the problem lies. Hacettepe biology teacher training program is the highest ranking in biology afaik. You only need a placement of around 200k. It's not hard to imagine the kind of student these teacher training programs attract in Turkey. And that guy becomes your future teacher, and I'm taking the best example here (the majority attend much worse programs with much lower quality instructors). Now imagine the kind of enthusiasm that guy and his teachers in Hacettepe or Balıkesir have to train this 200k placement student (or in Balıkesir's case probably 400k) to be a biology teacher in inner Anatolia for starvation wages. You can imagine the kind of education that person gets; and the enthusiasm he has for his prospects and his job and the students he will train. There's no serious-mindedness in this business. And as it should be obvious, this is a vicious cycle. You have to break the cycle with drastic measures.
Several countries have done this. The way to break the cycle is to train the teachers with better instructors. First step is to discover your top elite instructors. It's not easy but consensus is not hard to come by when you're talking about top 4-5 instructors in a field. After identifying your best couple of instructors based on merit and competence (their own academic career, alma mater, rhetorical abilities, the enthusiasm that they can evoke and many other factors are involved), you make sure your "teacher training programs" are unified under one umbrella, ideally creating a couple of universities only to train teachers. In this unified approach then, you take teaching program students from higher placements (at least 3x better than what it is now, imo it shouldn't be higher than 20k; the jobs should be that lucrative), and make sure teachers start to get special treatment among your public sector workers. And above all, you make sure all your teachers are instructed in their field by those best elite instructors which you selected before. Now that sounds impossible, how 3 or 4 instructors are going to teach for maybe hundreds or even a thousand or more students? Well this has been done. Courses are prepared before-hand in multimedia. The elite instructors choose assistants for the courses they have prepared and train those assistants themselves, instead of instructing directly to all teaching program applicants. Then those assistants help with the program in different classes. In this auxiliary method, you can also have a main instructor and use the prepared material as guidance and complimentary material. That's the way.
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