The Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX) is a pioneering mission by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) aimed at demonstrating in-space docking technology. Scheduled for launch on December 30, 2024, at 21:58 IST from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, the mission will utilize the PSLV-C60 rocket to deploy two small spacecraft, each weighing approximately 220 kg, into a 470 km circular orbit with a 55° inclination.
The primary objective of SpaDeX is to develop and validate the technology required for the autonomous rendezvous, docking, and undocking of two spacecraft, designated as the Chaser (SDX01) and the Target (SDX02). This capability is crucial for India's future space endeavors, including lunar missions, sample return missions, and the development of the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS).
The mission will also demonstrate the transfer of electrical power between the docked spacecraft, a vital function for in-space robotics and composite spacecraft control. After undocking, both spacecraft will commence their respective payload operations, with an expected mission life of up to two years.
SpaDeX represents a significant milestone for ISRO, positioning India to become the fourth country globally to achieve space docking technology. This advancement is essential for complex missions that require multiple rocket launches to accomplish shared objectives, such as assembling and operating a space station.
In addition to the docking demonstration, the mission will utilize the PSLV's spent fourth stage, known as the PS4-Orbital Experiment Module (POEM-4), as a platform for microgravity experiments. A total of 24 payloads, contributed by ISRO centers and various non-government entities, including academia and startups, will be carried on board.
The successful execution of SpaDeX will mark a significant leap in India's space capabilities, paving the way for more ambitious projects in human spaceflight and deep space exploration.
