The thing is our recruitment system is very funny and there are decades long human resource mismanagement.
Tamtama, Bintara, and Perwira, all started recruitment from the same age: 17-18. There's SECATA, SECABA, and AKMIL all open for all high school graduates at the same time. So such a US model of NCO/ Bintara cadre won't work in Indonesia. Two of my former classmates entered Bintara directly after high school graduation, while others tried SECATA and AKMIL unsuccessfully (all roughly the same age but massively different ranks). While some villagers were former military, entered as prajurit and retired a sersan, so he never had the chance to actually exercise "NCO expertise" at all.
So Indonesian recruitment system is not based on such a concept of preparing certain ranks for a certain combat role. For they are prepared for the bureaucratic role instead, literally just filling the numbers because that's what the anggaran demands. The difference between Tamtama, Bintara, and Perwira is simply the level of competition, the prestige, and the price of bribes for you to get admitted. Even if inside the military there's a strict watch on corruption, people outside the military AKA recruits are ripe for exploitation, pay 100 jt for tamtama, 300 jt for bintara, 1 milyar for perwira/ akmil. Of course, people can get in without paying as both of my friends have proven, but this bribe and nepotism culture is still rampant in the military. The personnel numbers you see on statistics don't really have the same idea as what most people expect.
And there's a surplus problem in the officer corps: there are too many officers but not enough job. It has been a thing since the 90s but never fixed even today 30 years later. This means hundreds of officers are jobless, frustrated, and angry. This creates pressure for the government to open more civilian positions for military officers regardless of their actual capability. Such a thing really hampers the professionalization effort away from Dwifungsi. Yet the TNI system is still a leftover of Dwifungsi, so many officers who used to be posted on jabatan sipil suddenly cannot and therefore have no job.