Scientific Hydrogen Energy

[TR_123456]

Hydrogen stuff is a hoax. Do not take that seriously.

Why do you think that?

 

[Merzifonlu]

Why do you think that?

I think so because of the storage and transportation problem. Hydrogen is the highest quality fuel. Hydrogen gives the most heat per unit mass. However, it is also the most difficult fuel to store and control. And Hydrogen is dangerous fuel because it is very explosive.

Hydrogen is the wet dream of the old Europeans and the even older Japanese who are too late to establish the battery ecosystem!

 

[TR_123456]

I think so because of the storage and transportation problem. Hydrogen is the highest quality fuel. Hydrogen gives the most heat per unit mass. However, it is also the most difficult fuel to store and control.

Hydrogen is the wet dream of the old Europeans and the even older Japanese who are too late to establish the battery ecosystem!

WEll,what do you think about this then?

The National Hydrogen Strategy

Germany has set itself ambitious energy and climate targets. By 2045, Germany wants to achieve greenhouse gas neutrality. To achieve these goals, there is need to significantly increase energy efficiency. Germany also needs to decarbonise its energy and raw material supply, which is still...

www.bmwk.de

 

[boredaf]

WEll,what do you think about this then?

The National Hydrogen Strategy

Germany has set itself ambitious energy and climate targets. By 2045, Germany wants to achieve greenhouse gas neutrality. To achieve these goals, there is need to significantly increase energy efficiency. Germany also needs to decarbonise its energy and raw material supply, which is still...

www.bmwk.de

That doesn't mention military and militaries love their fuel to be as safe as possible, hence why they have always loved diesel. A hydrogen fuelled tank would break the world turret tossing record when it is destroyed.

 

[Merzifonlu]

WEll,what do you think about this then?

The National Hydrogen Strategy

Germany has set itself ambitious energy and climate targets. By 2045, Germany wants to achieve greenhouse gas neutrality. To achieve these goals, there is need to significantly increase energy efficiency. Germany also needs to decarbonise its energy and raw material supply, which is still...

www.bmwk.de

This is complete nonsense. Green governments have done Germany great harm in two areas. The first is energy policy, the second is foreign policy. They closed nuclear power plants without presenting an alternative. They were late to the electric revolution. Now they are hoping for help from hydrogen.

Yet Germany was already mastering fuel cell technology in the 90s. If they had taken action in time, IMO they could have established an alternative ecosystem to China with metal oxide batteries. It was good for us, let's establish this alternative ecosystem.

 

[TR_123456]

That doesn't mention military and militaries love their fuel to be as safe as possible, hence why they have always loved diesel. A hydrogen fuelled tank would break the world turret tossing record when it is destroyed.

Isnt it as the same with the earlier gas tanks for cars,they made them better to not explode?
I'm sure they'll find ways to keep them safe,no?

 

[TR_123456]

This is complete nonsense. Green governments have done Germany great harm in two areas. The first is energy policy, the second is foreign policy. They closed nuclear power plants without presenting an alternative. They were late to the electric revolution. Now they are hoping for help from hydrogen.

Yet Germany was already mastering fuel cell technology in the 90s. If they had taken action in time, IMO they could have established an alternative ecosystem to China with metal oxide batteries. It was good for us, let's establish this alternative ecosystem.

They are also building Hydrogen transport lines(pipeline) from Africa(Algeria),you think thats bs?
I would say,Germany is preparing for big change.

 

[boredaf]

Isnt it as the same with the earlier gas tanks for cars,they made them better to not explode?
I'm sure they'll find ways to keep them safe,no?

But just as with cars, while they can improve safety without a doubt, they cannot guarantee a catastrophic failure won't happen, ever. I mean, one of the first tactics against tanks was to hit them where their fuel was stored. Would anyone be able to guarantee that it cannot happen again?

 

[TR_123456]

But just as with cars, while they can improve safety without a doubt, they cannot guarantee a catastrophic failure won't happen, ever. I mean, one of the first tactics against tanks was to hit them where their fuel was stored. Would anyone be able to guarantee that it cannot happen again?

There are always risks,a tank can also explode if you hit the ammunition.
I'm sure they'll find ways to make Hydrogen safe,just like with gas.

 

[TR_123456]

@boredaf @Merzifonlu @Sanchez and others,check this out.

Hydrogen Safety: Let's Clear the Air

When handled responsibly, green hydrogen is less dangerous than other flammable fuels that we rely on today. Moving forward, industry and government institutions must build on existing robust safety protocols and continue to make safety a key priority for investment...

www.nrdc.org

 

[boredaf]

There are always risks,a tank can also explode if you hit the ammunition.
I'm sure they'll find ways to make Hydrogen safe,just like with gas.

You're right that there are always risks, but you can mitigate them, specifically by not adding another weak point, imo. Tanks are already in a hard spot in trying to balance weight and speed and self defence; adding another complexity and a spot that would most likely need more armour than it does right now might not be worth it.

@boredaf @Merzifonlu @Sanchez and others,check this out.

Hydrogen Safety: Let's Clear the Air

When handled responsibly, green hydrogen is less dangerous than other flammable fuels that we rely on today. Moving forward, industry and government institutions must build on existing robust safety protocols and continue to make safety a key priority for investment...

www.nrdc.org

Like your other link, this is talking about its safety for civilian use, I don't think most of it applies to military. Also, it compares oxygen level needed for a fire with gasoline but not diesel because diesel is very comparable from what I can find, stacking the deck in favour of their argument. It might have uses in civilian vehicles mate, it might be the future, but getting shot at with ATGMs or even with thermite grenades is very different than driving a truck fuelled by hydrogen.

Edit: A source I was checking:

Hydrogen can ignite anywhere between 4 per cent and 74 per cent concentration, giving it the widest flammability range of any fuel. Hydrogen can also detonate into an explosion (where the flame travels at supersonic speed) at concentrations of 18 to 59 per cent. And it doesn’t need much of a spark. At its most flammable concentration, of 28 per cent, a tiny spark with just 0.02 millijoules of energy is enough to ignite the stuff. Its flame, which is invisible, propagates very quickly.

 

[Merzifonlu]

They are also building Hydrogen transport lines(pipeline) from Africa(Algeria),you think thats bs?
I would say,Germany is preparing for big change.

Yes, IMO this plans also BS. Germany is hoping for such utopian ideas because it cannot give up its investments in the internal combustion engine industry.

BTW, I would like to elaborate on the metal-oxide battery that I mentioned earlier. Although it is called a "battery", this device is actually a fuel cell. It produces energy by oxidizing alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, and calcium, which in their pure form cause the release of hydrogen when thrown into water.

Unlike fuel cells that burn alcohol or hydrogen, these can be recharged. Their energy density is also enormous. I think Germany should invest in this technology, not hydrogen.

 

[Chocopie]

Hyundai Rotem, South Korea‘s main tank producer, will develop a hydrogen fuel cell MBT til 2040.

First from diesel engines to a hybrid propulsion and lastly hydrogen fuel cells.

And Korea is by no means a latecomer in li-ion technology with renowned battery companies like Samsung SDI, LG Energy Solutions and SK Innovation.

Hyundai Rotem belongs to car giant Hyundai Motor Group (Hyundai/Kia) and they are confident to master hydrogen propulsion safely for military vehicles.

Hyundai Rotem to develop world's 1st hydrogen fuel-based tank: sources

Hyundai Rotem Co., a South Korean defense solutions company, has been working on developing the world's first hydrogen fuel-based tank for the military, industry sources said Wednesday. In collaboration with the Agency for Defense Development and other defense technology research institutes...

m.koreaherald.com

 

[TR_123456]

BTW, I would like to elaborate on the metal-oxide battery that I mentioned earlier

The best way would be to open a thread.

 

[Yasar_TR]

There are two drawbacks in a Hydrogen powered system:
1. Storage
Storage of Hydrogen needs to be in special canisters as it is one of the most volatile substances. It needs to be kept in liquid form. Hydrogen gas turns to liquid at minus 253 degrees Celsius. That alone is a drawback on it’s own.

2. Production
Best way to produce Hydrogen gas is through electrolysis. But you need to put in more energy, than the energy hydrogen would provide. So it would be an exercise that wouldn’t cover it’s cost. There is a common method of Carbon Monoxide chemically reacting with water under heat to produce Hydrogen. But it also releases Carbon Dioxide. Hence not environmentally friendly. Therefore, until we find a method of electrolysis that is economically viable like using Sun’s rays to have electrolysis, best way to produce hydrogen is still at large.
But there is another way to produce Hydrogen by extracting it from Hydrogen Sulphide. H2S is a by product of many industrial endeavours. it is non environmental and obnoxious gas. But it can be used to produce Hydrogen.
Guess what? After 200m depth, Black Sea bottom is covered in Hydrogen Sulphide.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235009808_Black_Sea_A_Hydrogen_Source

Human ingenuity can overcome both storage and production dilemmas. It is a matter of time. Major German, SKorean and Japanese automotive manufacturers like BMW, Hyundai, Toyota, and Honda have chosen to go the hydrogen route.
Future is Hydrogen.

 

[Ahlatshah]

And Hydrogen is dangerous fuel because it is very explosive.

First of all, hydrogen is not explosive, it is flammable. What explosive is immensely pressured tanks which have to be used to storage hydrogen and keep it liquified.

But you need to put in more energy, than the energy hydrogen would provide

That is so true. Using let's say 100 amount of different kind of energy can get you only 80-85 amount of hydrogen. It is ineffective and financially not viable right now. There are so many researchs going on and whoever find a way to produce hydrogen clean and efficiently first, would be new Arabia. That is how serious it is.

However, aviation sector is more ready to switch hydrogen energy than land transportation. There are a lot of scientific articles about it. The problem is more logistical than technical it seems. Sector as a whole simply is not ready. Supply chain, aircrafts and also airports all designed to be used gasoline. One cannot change all of these overnight. Still one of the biggest obstacle is: Oil lobby as you imagine

Btw, in civil aviation, long range hydrogen fueled aircrafts must be flying wing form because of the storage tanks. I dont know about the MBTs that would be use hydrogen remain as it is or need to be redesigned. Opinions are much appreciated.

Hydrogen | Airbus

At Airbus, we believe hydrogen is one of the most promising decarbonisation technologies currently under consideration. Discover why.

www.airbus.com

 

[TR_123456]

What is hydrogen?​

Hydrogen is a clean alternative to methane, also known as natural gas. It's the most abundant chemical element, estimated to contribute 75% of the mass of the universe.



Here on earth, vast numbers of hydrogen atoms are contained in water, plants, animals and, of course, humans. But while it’s present in nearly all molecules in living things, it’s very scarce as a gas – less than one part per million by volume.
Hydrogen can be produced from a variety of resources, such as natural gas, nuclear power, biogas and renewable power like solar and wind. The challenge is harnessing hydrogen as a gas on a large scale to fuel our homes and businesses.

Why is hydrogen important as a future clean energy source?​

A fuel is a chemical that can be ‘burnt’ to provide useful energy. Burning normally means that chemical bonds between the elements in the fuel are broken and the elements chemically combine with oxygen (often from the air).

For many years, we’ve used natural gas to heat our homes and businesses, and for power stations to generate electricity. In the UK, 85% of homes and 40% of the country’s electricity currently relies on gas; in the US, 47% of households rely on natural gas and 36% on electricity1.

Methane is the main constituent of 'natural gas' from oil and gas fields. We’ve continued to use natural gas because it’s a readily available resource, it’s cost effective and it’s a cleaner alternative to coal – the dirtiest fossil fuel that we historically relied on for heating and to generate electricity.

When natural gas is burnt, it provides heat energy. But a waste product alongside water is carbon dioxide, which when released into the atmosphere contributes to climate change. Burning hydrogen does not release carbon dioxide.

What's the difference between blue hydrogen and green hydrogen?​

Blue hydrogen is produced using natural gas as a feedstock by using one of two primary methods:

• Steam methane reformation is the most common method for producing bulk hydrogen and accounts for most of the world’s production. This method uses a reformer, which reacts steam at a high temperature and pressure with methane and a nickel catalyst to form hydrogen and carbon monoxide (CO).
• Autothermal reforming uses oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO2) or steam to react with methane to form hydrogen.

The downside of these two methods is that they produce carbon as a by-product, so carbon capture and storage (CCS) is essential to trap and store this carbon.

Green hydrogen is produced by using electricity to power an electrolyser that splits the hydrogen from water molecules. This process produces pure hydrogen, with no harmful by-products. An added benefit is that, because this method uses electricity, it also offers the potential to divert any excess electricity – which is hard to store (like surplus wind power) – to electrolysis, using it to create hydrogen gas that can be stored for future energy needs.

Is hydrogen already being used as a fuel?​

Yes. There are already cars that run on hydrogen fuel cells. China has the highest number of hydrogen fuelling stations for road vehicles worldwide, where you can fill up just as you would with petrol or diesel and in the same time frame as a traditional fuel car. Japan has the second highest number of these fuelling stations, followed by South Korea, Germany and the US.

Hydrogen is also an exciting lightweight fuel option for road, air and shipping transportation. The international delivery company DHL already has a fleet of ‘H2 panel vans’, capable of travelling 500km without refuelling.

What are the potential brakes to speeding up hydrogen use as a clean energy?​

For hydrogen to be a viable alternative to methane, it has to be produced at scale, economically and the current infrastructure needs to be adapted.

The good news is that hydrogen can be transported through gas pipelines, minimising disruption and reducing the amount of expensive infrastructure needed to build a new hydrogen transmission network. There would also be no need for a culture change in our home lives, as people are used to using natural gas for cooking and heating, and hydrogen energy equivalents are emerging.

The future of hydrogen ​

Hydrogen can be used to power vehicles, generate electricity, power industry and heat our homes and businesses. It could make a huge difference on our carbon emissions and will be critical to achieving net zero.

What is hydrogen? | Hydrogen energy explained | National Grid Group

Hydrogen is a clean alternative to methane and is the most abundant chemical element, estimated to contribute 75% of the mass of the universe. Find out why hydrogen is important as a future clean energy source to fuel our homes and businesses.

www.nationalgrid.com

 

[TR_123456]

The National Hydrogen Strategy(Germany)​

Germany has set itself ambitious energy and climate targets. By 2045, Germany wants to achieve greenhouse gas neutrality. To achieve these goals, there is need to significantly increase energy efficiency. Germany also needs to decarbonise its energy and raw material supply, which is still largely based on fossil fuels, by switching to renewable or renewable-based energy sources, such as hydrogen. The Federal Government has therefore developed a National Hydrogen Strategy to drive forward the use of climate-friendly hydrogen technologies. On this page, you can learn more about the goals of this strategy, how it is being implemented, and what funding opportunities are available.

© Adobe Stock / leestat – stock.adobe.com

Goals of the National Hydrogen Strategy​

Hydrogen is a versatile chemical feedstock and energy carrier that can be used to secure energy supplies for many sectors. If produced in a climate-friendly way, it has the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions and bring them down to zero.

However, the production of hydrogen is comparatively energy-intensive, which is why it should be used primarily for applications where renewable electricity cannot be utilised directly. In addition, the costs of producing hydrogen are currently still high, and the capacities for generating it are insufficient. This means that large investments need to be made in developing electrolysis capacities, compensating higher operational production costs, as well as ensuring stable conditions for selling green hydrogen at an economically viable price. The Federal Government is supporting these efforts through the National Hydrogen Strategy. In total, several billion euros are to be made available from federal funds and Länder (Federal states) to promote hydrogen generation, build the necessary infrastructure, and enable its use.


Hydrogen technologies are not only an important tool for mitigating climate change, but can also give rise to new branches of industry offering many sustainable jobs and major export opportunities. Many German companies, including start-ups and SMEs, are already among international leaders in hydrogen technologies, for example in the field of electrolysers for hydrogen production and the manufacturing of fuel cells, which are used to generate electricity from hydrogen. The National Hydrogen Strategy is thus designed to help Germany maintain and further expand its strong position in hydrogen technologies.


The strategy pursues the following objectives in particular:

• Establishing hydrogen produced from renewable energy and its downstream products as key elements of the energy transition to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• Creating a domestic market as a first step in market ramp-up by building appropriate hydrogen production capacity and developing technologies for the use of hydrogen on the demand side.
• Devising a regulatory framework for the development and expansion of the necessary transport and distribution infrastructure.
• Strengthening the competitiveness of German companies by promoting the use, research, development and export of hydrogen technologies.
• Securing the future supply of hydrogen from renewables and its downstream products with the help of international partnerships. These partnerships should be at a European level because of the shorter transport distances involved, but should also include non-European countries with high potential for renewable energy.

Hydrogen Strategy action plan​

The National Hydrogen Strategy sets out first-phase plans for launching the market ramp-up of innovative hydrogen technologies by the end of 2023, including an action plan detailing specific measures to be taken. It is intended to lay the basis for private investment in the production, transportation and use of hydrogen. The measures laid out in the action plan are divided into eight areas:







1. Hydrogen production
One of the key bases for a hydrogen economy is for there to be reliable and sustainable production of hydrogen which can be provided at competitive costs compared to conventional energy sources. In order to significantly reduce production costs, generation plants (i.e. electrolysers) must first be built on an industrial scale to produce “green” hydrogen. Parallel to this, renewable energy needs to be expanded at a greater rate in order to provide the green electricity needed to produce this green hydrogen. For investments in hydrogen production to pay off, there must also be appropriate demand for hydrogen on the application side. The measures to promote hydrogen applications are first of all targeted at sectors in which the use of hydrogen is close to being economically viable, as well as at industries in which no alternative decarbonisation technologies are available (e.g. the steel and chemical industries).


2. Transport


Hydrogen is an important building block for sustainable and climate-friendly mobility and complements other alternative forms of propulsion across all modes of transport. The use of hydrogen offers a particularly high level of potential for large and heavy vehicles (e.g. in road haulage, air traffic, and maritime transport), either in fuel cells or as a feedstock for renewable electricity-based fuels, as battery-electric drives are not suitable for application throughout. Specific measures in the transport sector include promoting green hydrogen in fuel production and as an alternative to conventional fuels, e.g. in aviation. Other funding measures are targeted towards research and development as well as investments in hydrogen vehicles, especially in road haulage, air traffic, and maritime transport.

3. Industrial sector


The Federal Government is promoting the switchover from the use of fossil technologies towards processes that are low-greenhouse gas (GHG) or GHG-neutral. The aim is to reduce the amount of process-related emissions from industry. This shift plays a key role in the steel and chemical industries in particular. One example of this is the Carbon2Chem project, which is about converting blast-furnace gases from steel production into input products for fuel, plastic or fertilisers. This is to be achieved by cross-sector cooperation between the steel, chemical, and energy industries. In addition to providing investment grants, the Federal Government also plans to introduce a number of funding instruments to help electrolysis plants achieve economic viability. ‘Carbon contracts for difference’ between the state and companies in energy-intensive industry are designed to compensate for the higher cost of climate-friendly production processes compared with conventional processes. The aim is for them to provide incentives for the early implementation of climate projects.


4. Heat


Since 2016, the Federal Government has been promoting the purchase of highly efficient fuel cell heating appliances in the buildings sector. This grant scheme will run until the end of 2022, and may continue depending on the outcome of an evaluation planned during the course of the year. The question here is in what ways fuel cell technology can continue to be supported within the framework of technology funding. If the grant scheme continues, clear reductions in costs will have to be laid down in the provisions underlying it.



5. Infrastructure/supply


Another key basis for a hydrogen economy is having a secure, demand-driven and efficient supply of hydrogen. The potential for repurposing existing infrastructure, such as natural gas pipelines, is currently being explored and the government is providing support for this. Funding is being channelled into establishing supply structures, where necessary. Special attention is being given to expanding the network of hydrogen refuelling stations for road transport, rail networks and waterways.


6. Research, education and innovation


Technological innovation is massively driven by new scientific findings. This is why the Federal Government has set up research funding initiatives, which will lay the foundation for future market success along the entire hydrogen value chain and accelerate the transfer of innovations into industrial practice. The three Hydrogen Flagship Projects H2Giga, H2Mare and TransHyDE, and the four Kopernikus projects deserve special recognition in this context. The interministerial research campaign entitled ‘Hydrogen Technologies 2030’ strategically bundles research measures on key hydrogen technologies. These include the relatively small but numerous applied energy research projects, the ‘Regulatory Sandboxes of the Energy Transition’, which demonstrate new technologies on an industrial scale (five launched since 2020), and the technology-neutral, interdisciplinary forum called the ‘Hydrogen Research Network’.


7. Need for action at European level


Germany also wants to drive the ramp-up of hydrogen technologies at EU level. Against the background of the European Green Deal, the Federal Government is still working towards an accelerated implementation of the EU hydrogen initiatives. An important step here was the creation of a new Important Project of Common European Interest (IPCEI) on hydrogen as a joint project with other Member States, which was launched at the end of 2020. Under this European funding instrument, flagship projects that address the entire hydrogen value chain are to receive support.


To create a common internal market, it is also important to develop reliable sustainability and certification standards that are uniform throughout Europe. Looking ahead, the global trade in hydrogen will require compatibility with international standards, and this needs to be taken into account today. These include, for example, proof of origin for electricity from renewable energy and for green hydrogen.


8. International hydrogen market and external economic partnerships


The market ramp-up of hydrogen technologies cannot function as a stand-alone, German solution, but will ultimately only work within the framework of a global market. This is because the planned domestic hydrogen market will be far from sufficient to provide the quantities of hydrogen needed to decarbonise at the level desired. Germany will have to cover a large proportion of its hydrogen demand via imports. This necessitates stepping up efforts to build and intensify international cooperation on hydrogen at all levels, particularly within the framework of our existing energy partnerships. In addition to securing Germany's import requirements and exploiting export opportunities for German hydrogen technology, German Development Cooperation also helps to sustainably develop the energy supply in the partner countries.

Import strategy for hydrogen and hydrogen derivatives​

The import strategy for hydrogen and hydrogen derivatives sets out a clear and reliable framework for the urgently needed imports of hydrogen and hydrogen derivatives to Germany. It is a key component of Germany’s hydrogen policy and supports the German government’s commitment to developing the domestic market. The import strategy complements Germany’s National Hydrogen Strategy.


The Federal Government expects its national demand for hydrogen and hydrogen derivatives to reach between 95 to 130 TWh by 2030. It is expected that around 50 to 70% (45 to 90 TWh) of the hydrogen products will have to be imported from abroad. It can be assumed that the proportion of imports will continue to rise after 2030.


According to initial estimates, the demand for hydrogen and its derivatives could increase to between 360 and 500 TWh of hydrogen and approx. 200 TWh of hydrogen derivatives by 2045.


The goal of the import strategy is therefore to ensure that Germany’s demand for imports of hydrogen and its derivatives will be met and that the supply chain is resilient. The main content and objectives of the import strategy for hydrogen and hydrogen derivatives adopted today are as follows:

• Ensuring a resilient, i.e. sustainable, stable, secure and diversified supply of sufficient hydrogen and hydrogen derivatives to enable the decarbonisation of the German economy and to meet the national climate targets.
• Ensuring a reliable supply of green hydrogen and its derivatives that are sustainable in the long term. In order to enable the rapid hydrogen ramp-up needed, the import strategy also includes low-carbon hydrogen and its derivatives to meet demand.
• The Federal Government is in favour of diversifying the hydrogen product range to be imported. In addition to molecular hydrogen (i.e. gaseous or liquid hydrogen not bound in derivatives), various hydrogen derivatives (e.g. ammonia, methanol, naphtha, electricity-based fuels) and hydrogen carriers (e.g. LOHC) can be considered.
• The Federal Government is pursuing the parallel development of import infrastructure for pipeline-based and maritime transport. Hydrogen derivatives, carriers and downstream products in particular are being considered for transport by ship, rail or road. Transport by ship enables hydrogen imports from regions that cannot be connected by pipeline for technical and economic reasons.
• In addition to engaging in close cooperation with European partners on regulatory issues, the potential for hydrogren production and infrastructure, the Federal Government is also working with a large number of partner countries, regions and players across the globe. The aim is to diversify the sources of supply as much as possible. To this end, the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action is actively involved in more than 30 climate and energy partnerships and energy dialogues. In addition, specific H2 agreements have been concluded with numerous partner countries in recent years

Governance of the Hydrogen Strategy​

In order to successfully implement and develop the National Hydrogen Strategy, it is vital to ensure continuous monitoring of progress and to identify potential needs for adjustment. A flexible and output-oriented governance structure has been created to facilitate this goal. This structure ensures the involvement of the relevant stakeholder groups and facilitates efficient cooperation. The following provides a detailed overview of the various stakeholder interactions.

State Secretaries’ Committee on Hydrogen


The State Secretaries’ Committee on Hydrogen is the decision-making body for the National Hydrogen Strategy. In the event of delays in implementation or a failure to meet the targets of the strategy, the State Secretaries’ Committee immediately takes corrective action. In doing so, it also pays attention to current market trends and to scientific advances. The Committee meets as needed on an ad hoc basis to adopt targets, develop the programme and take concrete measures to enhance the strategy.


National Hydrogen Council


The National Hydrogen Council is an independent, non-partisan advisory body. The Council is currently made up of 25 high-level experts from economy, science and civil society. Further information on the National Hydrogen Council can be found here.

Hydrogen Coordination Office


On behalf of the Federal Government, the Hydrogen Coordination Office supports the ministries in the implementation of the National Hydrogen Strategy. Moreover, it is available to lend support to the National Hydrogen Council, for instance in drawing up recommendations for action. The Coordination Office is also responsible for monitoring the National Hydrogen Strategy.


Cooperation between federal and state governments


Aside from the measures taken at federal level, the Länder have also been planning and implementing their own hydrogen-related measures that can make a vital contribution to the creation of a hydrogen economy. A Federal-Länder working group has been set up to facilitate the coordination of the measures taken at federal and at state level. Furthermore, up to four Länder representatives may take part as guests in the meetings of the National Hydrogen Council.

The National Hydrogen Council​

The establishment of a hydrogen economy is a task that involves all of society. With a view to giving due consideration to the different perspectives and insights from science, business and civil society, the Federal Government followed up its adoption of the National Hydrogen Strategy on 10 June 2020 by appointing a number of experienced hydrogen experts (representatives from companies, research institutions, environmental organisations and trade unions) as members of a National Hydrogen Council.


The task of the Council, which currently has 25 members, is to act as an independent and non-partisan expert body that provides advice to the State Secretaries’ Committee on Hydrogen in the form of suggestions and recommendations for action regarding the further development and implementation of the National Hydrogen Strategy. To organise its activities, the National Hydrogen Council has set up working groups on four fields of interest:

• research and development needs,
• production, import, and integrity assurance,
• transport, distribution, storage and heat,
• hydrogen applications (including two sub-groups on “industry” and “mobility and other energy applications”).

Members of the National Hydrogen Council are not part of the public sector, which is why the perspectives they offer on the topic are different from those of policymakers. Their expertise covers a very broad range of fields, including hydrogen research and production, infrastructure, climate and sustainability, decarbonisation of industry, transport and buildings, as well as international cooperation. This comprehensive expertise and the variety of perspectives offered by the members of the Council feed into the statements and position papers drafted by the Council on key hydrogen-related issues. To find out more about the National Hydrogen Council, please click here...........

The National Hydrogen Strategy

Germany has set itself ambitious energy and climate targets. By 2045, Germany wants to achieve greenhouse gas neutrality. To achieve these goals, there is need to significantly increase energy efficiency. Germany also needs to decarbonise its energy and raw material supply, which is still...

www.bmwk.de

 

[TR_123456]

https://assets.deloitte.com/is/imag...sive$&wid=1440&fmt=webp&fit=stretch,1&dpr=off

Assessing the impact of low-carbon hydrogen regulation in the EU​

Delegated Act on low-carbon fuels: key aspects for consolidating the market and aligning with net-zero objectives​

The market rules for clean hydrogen production are currently being negotiated and defined. In Europe, following the official adoption of the Hydrogen and Decarbonised Gas package in May 2024, the European Commission must prepare a delegated act on low-carbon fuels within a year. This is a key milestone for the industry. Based on Deloitte’s in-house energy models, the study analyzes how regulatory design affects the market uptake of different production technologies and the resulting climate impact of the future hydrogen economy.


Clean hydrogen is a key element in achieving the EU’s climate objectives, especially in areas where direct electrification is not feasible. As of today, the hydrogen economy is starting to emerge. Establishing clear and effective regulation, definitions, and certification schemes is crucial now, as these are the prerequisites for building the market and unlocking investments.


The low-carbon fuels DA will define the accounting rules and requirements for hydrogen to be considered low-carbon and provide the basis for a certification scheme. It will cover various production routes for clean hydrogen, such as power grid-based electrolysis or natural gas-based production with carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), also known as blue hydrogen.

Sustainability must remain at the forefront of efforts​

​

It is important to ensure that the EU’s future hydrogen production is genuinely low-carbon and aligns with EU climate objectives. The Renewable Energy Directive (RED III) requires renewable hydrogen to have a greenhouse gas (GHG) emission saving of at least 70 per cent compared to a fossil fuel comparator, i.e., a maximum threshold of 3.38 kg CO2eq per kg of hydrogen. However, to be consistent with the EU’s net-zero emission target, the carbon intensity threshold would gradually need to decrease to around 1 kg CO2eq by 2050. Any positive emissions would lead to additional difficulties in accomplishing net-zero objectives. The application of a gradually decreasing threshold could save up to 230 MtCO2eq of emissions by 2050.The production and market share of fossil gas-based low-carbon hydrogen will then be determined by the extent to which gas suppliers can adopt the most effective technologies to cut upstream emissions (see Figure 1).

The production and market share of fossil gas-based low-carbon hydrogen will then be determined by the extent to which gas suppliers can adopt the most effective technologies to cut upstream emissions (see Figure 1)..........

The impact of low-carbon hydrogen regulation in the EU | Deloitte Deutschland

The EU Delegated Act on low-carbon fuels, essential for Europe's hydrogen market, is analyzed by Deloitte for its role in market consolidation and alignment with net-zero objectives.

www.deloitte.com

 

[boredaf]

First of all, hydrogen is not explosive, it is flammable. What explosive is immensely pressured tanks which have to be used to storage hydrogen and keep it liquified.

Hydrogen is explosive at concentration between 18% and 59%, as I wrote few comments above.