I don't think it's the only society that thinks that way. Many closed societies with little respect or understanding of personal freedoms are pretty much in the same boat. It's just that the Chinese are vocal about it because of social media. I bet the North Koreans have a similar line of thought.
There is nothing particular or exceptional or unique in the basic psychology that comes about with various forms of insularity for whatever reason. That is true. This in itself is why the evolved/devolved psychology itself trumpets exceptionalism/supremacism as the mono-key register.
I fundamentally see all human beings the exact same basic unit, just different development and application of influences and ofc geography.
But each one is specific (both in flavours and scales), and there are further specifics within each one.
Every society has them, some are just emboldened and flourished at very large and even (sadly to me) normalised scales in the timeframes us and our progeny for a good long while will be existing in.
There was a deliberate sustained attack in China (really taking pace after the Ming restoration failed) on the concept of what an individual is and what it embodies unlike any other.
Lenin and Stalin are mentioned in that same breadth sometimes in more western context, but when the Vikings asserted their name as "Rus" to the earlier distinct tribes of the area...a full millenia had already passed in China's hearth w.r.t Wu Di.
That near fanatical level of mono-language based statism (seen nowhere else in world civs at that scale, esp that early) would always be operationalised in the collective vs individual debates later incl. the more modern time frame.
It is really comparing a pinch of salt to heavy handed soya sauce in the end...yes both are salty (when describing to one that knows little of either or only one)....but an experienced actual taste of both will tell you just what the difference is.
These all carry different significant inertias and resiliences today.
Its why, for example, the (largely same) mongols had some similar (studied more) but also very different (studied less) impacts on both. In fact that shock+awe era was quite formative to concept of Russian nation state ascendancy (to exist so such brutality could never happen again) argument later....but totally not the case w.r.t China (which had already existed a long time). Thus the inertia of time on the collectivist side of both is quite different in modern era too.
