Türkiye’s self-propelled howitzer (OBUS) programs evolved from foreign-based designs to advanced indigenous systems, with key milestones from the 1990s to 2025.
Here’s a chronological summary of Türkiye’s OBUS development:
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Türkiye’s OBUS Programs: Chronological Overview

1995–2000: Initiation of Domestic SPH Development
- Goal: Replace outdated T-44 and T-52 systems.
- Solution: Licensed adaptation of South Korea’s K9 Thunder.
- Lead Developer: MKEK (Makine ve Kimya Endüstrisi Kurumu).
- Challenge: German export restrictions led Türkiye to partner with South Korea.

2000–2004: Development of T-155 Fırtına
- Design Period: 2000–2004.
- Based on: Korean K9 chassis and gun system.
- Domestic Contributions: Aselsan provided fire control and subsystems.
- Capabilities: 52-caliber barrel, NATO-compatible, max range ~40 km.
- Production Start: 2004.

2004–2014: T-155 Fırtına I Mass Production
- Units Built: ~280.
- Manufacturers: Initially Turkish Land Forces, later MKEK.
- Combat Use: Syrian conflict, Kurdish–Turkish clashes, and cross-border operations.

2015–2019: Transition to Fırtına II
- Manufacturer Shift: From MKEK to BMC Defence.
- Upgrades: Enhanced automation, faster firing rate, improved electronics.

2017–2024: Introduction of Yavuz 155mm Truck-Mounted Howitzer
- Unveiled: IDEF 2017.
- Developer: MKE.
- Platform: 6x6 truck chassis for mobility.
- Range: Up to 40 km.
- Fire Rate: 3 rounds in 15 seconds.
- Purpose: Supplement tracked systems with rapid-deploy wheeled artillery.

2023–2025: Fırtına II Deployment and Export Push
- Delivery: Six Fırtına II units handed over in Sakarya (2023).
- Export Focus: Defense exports surged to $4.4 billion in 2024.
- Strategic Role: Fırtına II positioned as next-gen artillery for Turkish Armed Forces.
Sources: Copilot
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I was curious about the timeline, so thought Copilot could sum it up nice and easy.
Can anyone with insight tell us if it's accurate enough to ?