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Bangladesh and India have agreed to conduct a joint study on the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) at a commerce secretary-level talk on Friday, according to an official statement.

The Indian delegation led by commerce secretary BVR Subrahmanyam and the Bangladesh delegation under senior secretary Tapan Kanti Ghosh appreciated stronger bilateral ties between the two countries.

They noted significant growth in the bilateral trade between the two countries in recent years, the statement said.

On Friday, the two sides also discussed other issues of mutual interest, including development of railway and port infrastructure, border haats (markets), regional connectivity through multimodal transportation and harmonization of standards, the commerce ministry statement said on Saturday.

The two countries have been making endeavours to deepen trade ties after Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Bangladesh visit in March last year, and they are eager to negotiate a CEPA for mutual benefit, one official said, requesting anonymity. Modi had paid a state visit to Bangladesh in March 2021 and agreed to enhance bilateral trade.

Bangladesh is India's biggest trade partner in South Asia, according to the Indian foreign ministry. "Bilateral trade between India and Bangladesh has grown steadily over the last decade and the exports of Bangladesh have tripled over the last decade to cross $1 billion in 2018-19," a note prepared by the ministry said. "In the FY 2019-20, India's exports to Bangladesh were $8.2 billion and imports were $1.26 billion."

To facilitate trade between India and Bangladesh through railways, the two partners on Friday agreed to develop a container handling facility at Sirajganj Bazar, the commerce ministry statement said. For running freight trains between India and Bangladesh, a 900m new siding line is being constructed at Benapole, it added.

The two nations have approved a detailed project proposal (DPP) for the development of rail and road-based inland container depot at Ishwardi and plan to open border markets that were closed due to Covid restrictions, it said.

To boost trade, the two partners have agreed to launch the first meeting of the CEO forum soon, it said.

Bangladesh, which has a key place in India's Neighbourhood First policy, had invited Modi last year for celebrations marking three key events – the birth centenary of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, 50 years of diplomatic ties, and 50 years of Bangladesh's war of liberation.


Indian authorities in Guwahati on Sunday received the maiden voyage of food-grains from Patna to Pandu via Bangladesh.

An event was held to welcome the self-propelled vessel MV Lal Bahadur Shastri carrying a total of 200MT of foodgrains for Food Corporation of India (FCI) – completing a maiden pilot in this route.

The Sarbananda Sonowal, India's union minister of ports, shipping and waterways, accompanied by CM of Assam, Himanta Biswa Sarma received the maiden voyage of food-grains.

According to Indian media, this initiative has ushered in a new age for inland waterways in Assam as Brahmaputra (NW2) gets connected with Ganga (National Waterway-1) via the Indo-Bangladesh Protocol (IBP) route.

MV Lal Bahadur Shastri sailed some 2,350km from Patna on NW-1 and passed through Bhagalpur, Manihari, Sahibganj, Farakka, Tribeni, Kolkata, Haldia, Hemnagar; Indo Bangladesh Protocol (IBP) route through Khulna, Narayanganj, Sirajganj, Chilmari and NW-2 through Dhubri, and Jogighopa.

Meanwhile, another vessel MV Ram Prasad Bismil with two barges Kalpana Chawla and APJ Abdul Kalam started voyage from Haldia on 17 February, 2022, and is on the way to Pandu.

The vessel is carrying 1,800MT Tata steel and already reached the Bangladesh border at Dhubri.

The ODC (over dimensional cargo, 252MT) of Numaligarh Bio-refinery reached Silghat on 15 February, 2022, from Haldia through IWT via IBP route.

Another ODC (250MT) consignment is also on the way to Silghat.

While addressing the media, Sonowal said, "Today marks the beginning of a new age of inland water transport in Assam. This is going to provide the business community with a viable, economic and ecological alternative.

"The seamless cargo transportation is a journey of unfulfilled desires and aspirations of the people of Assam. The Northeast region is ready to unlock the value of the Astalakshmi."

Meanwhile, Assam CM Sarma said, "The start of cargo movement through ships through Indo Bangladesh Protocol Route marks the beginning of a new age of economic prosperity for the Northeast region."

This effort to rejuvenate the historical trade routes via Bangladesh got a big push under Prime Minister Narendra Modi's PM Gati Shakti initiative and is expected to ramp up swift movement of cargo over Brahmaputra.

The IWAI is also planning to run a regular scheduled service on these routes.

As per Indian media, to improve the navigability, two stretches of IBP routes, i.e., Sirajganj-Daikhowa and Ashuganj-Zakiganj are also being developed at a cost of Rs305.84 crores on an 80:20 share basis (80% being borne by India and 20% by Bangladesh).

The contracts for dredging on the two stretches for providing and maintaining requisite depth for a period of seven years (from 2019 to 2026) are underway which will further reduce nearly 1,000km.


The Indian government has taken an initiative to upgrade its National Highway (NH) 112 – also known as Jashore Road and connecting Kolkata to Bangladesh – into a two-lane highway with state-of-the-art infrastructure.

The road, that links West Bengal's Barasat to the Petrapole border (Bangladesh-India border), is likely to be redeveloped by the end of 2023, India's Minister of Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari recently said.

He had said that development works for this highway would begin by the middle of this year and would be completed by the end of 2023, reports newspaper The Sunday Guardian.

The development came after a letter from Shantanu Thakur, a lawmaker from the neighbouring country's Bongaon, was sent to Nitin Gadkari in September, 2021.

In that letter, Thakur urged Gadkari to look into the development of this highway as it caters to the important transport link between Bangladesh and India.

Shantanu Thakur while talking to The Sunday Guardian said that he is happy that the minister has considered his proposal for the development of this important highway and that he is assured that this long pending task will now be completed.

"I am extremely happy that the minister has given his due consideration to the letter I personally met and submitted to him.

"Once this road gets developed, the adjoining towns in this area would also benefit from it and the people of Bongaon Lok Sabha will immensely benefit from this project," Thakur said.

The 70km highway serves as the most important road between Bangladesh and India, as the Petrapole border is one of the largest land ports in Asia and witnesses a daily business of over Tk113 crore with a yearly movement of about 100,000 trucks between Bangladesh and Kolkata.

Besides, the Petrapole border provides livelihood to thousands of families residing in the townships on this highway and a yearly trade of more than Tk28,000 crore.

According to The Sunday Guardian report, the single-lane highway remains often overcrowded with trucks which leads to severe traffic congestions regularly and moreover the travelling time between Barasat and Petrapole border (70km) is often more than 3-4 hours due to the poor road conditions and overcrowding.

Meanwhile, the demand to widen the highway has been going on for quite a long and the state government tried to take up this issue in 2018 but the project had to be stopped due following protests by environmentalists.

The Jashore Road is dotted with huge trees on both sides, some as old as 100 years and environmentalists objected to the felling of these trees for development purposes.

The case had moved to the Calcutta High Court which allowed the felling of these trees, but this order was later challenged at the Indian Supreme Court by the Association for Protection of Democratic Rights, an NGO.

However, the Ministry of Environment had brought out a notification that to widen or redevelop roads that are less than 100km in length, environmental impact assessment is not required.


 

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India is looking to advance a comprehensive free trade agreement with Bangladesh, said India's Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal on Monday (7 March).

Speaking at the inaugural session of the India-Bangladesh Stakeholders meet, Piyush Goyal listed an uninterrupted supply chain, a joint production of defense equipment, and pharmaceuticals as four focus areas for strengthening the bilateral relationship between Bangladesh and India, reports the Live Mint.

The Indian minister also pressed for the need to explore potential areas of investment, which included textiles, jute products, leather, footwear, APIs for pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, digital health, education services, agribusiness, electronics and renewable energy.

India and Bangladesh will soon finalise the joint study on the proposed bilateral free trade agreement, aimed to boost economic ties, and was discussed by two sides agreed during a secretary-level talk on Friday in New Delhi, he added.

Goyal also urged pharma industries of the two sides to explore joint manufacturing of vaccines and medicines.

"During Covid-19, vaccines produced in India, - Covaxin and Covishield created a niche for themselves as safe vaccines. Time has now come for joint manufacturing of vaccines and other medicines," he said.

"Since 2014 we have scaled up our trade and economic engagement as collaborators and not competitors," Goyal added.

India and Bangladesh had decided in October last year to start talks on a comprehensive economic partnership agreement (CEPA).

 

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Uninterrupted supply chains, joint production of defence equipment, exploring potential sectors of investments and pharmacy are the focus areas that can help strengthen economic ties between India and Bangladesh, Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal said on Monday.

Both countries can work towards becoming the ‘pharmacy of the world’, he said while addressing the inaugural session of the India-Bangladesh stakeholders meet.

Goyal said Bangladesh is India’s biggest trade partner in South Asia and India is looking to advance Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement with that country in the days to come.

“May I suggest four focus areas for strengthening the India-Bangladesh relationship. Can we look at uninterrupted resilient supply chains, which is the need of the hour, we need to give more impetus to joint production of defence equipment , and explore potential areas of investments like textiles, jute, leather, footwear, medical equipment, and electronics,” he said.

The fourth focus area is pharmacy, where both nations can work towards becoming ‘pharmacy of the world’, he added. He said defence cooperation between the nations has not progressed, though India has offered USD 500 million line of credit.

India has also extended three lines of credit for USD 8 billion to Bangladesh, which is the largest concessional credit given by India to any single country.

Further, he said the country is also developing two Indian Economic Zones in Bangladesh. The bilateral trade between the countries stood at USD 10.8 billion in 2020-21 as against USD 9.5 billion in 2019-20.

Major exports from India to Bangladesh include cotton, cereals, fuel, vehicle parts and machinery and mechanical appliances.

 

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Bangladesh will import formaldehyde and methanol from Assam.

The decision was taken at a meeting between Assam Petrochemicals Ltd (APL) and Bangladesh in presence of Assam's Industries and Commerce Minister Mohan Patwary in Guwahati on Wednesday, reports The Economic Times.

Minister Mohan Patwary said, "The expansion project of 500 TPD methanol and 200 TPD formaldehyde will be complete soon and then Assam will export these products to Bangladesh."

During the discussion it was decided that a feasibility study will be conducted and a joint group would be formed with Bangladeshi importers and APL officials.

The process of exporting methanol would start via Shiliguri.

The officials agreed to have a government-to-government intervention for the certification of chemical products by an accredited laboratory acceptable to both countries.

The meeting was attended by Dr Tanvir Mansur, Sunit KP, secretary general of Indo-Bangla council for Commercial and Cultural Collaboration, from Bangladesh. From the Indian side APL Chairman Bikul Chandra Deka, Managing Director Rajnesh Gogoi, and Dr KK Dwivedi, principal secretary of the Industries and Commerce Department.

 

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Bangladesh will import formaldehyde and methanol from Assam.

The decision was taken at a meeting between Assam Petrochemicals Ltd (APL) and Bangladesh in presence of Assam's Industries and Commerce Minister Mohan Patwary in Guwahati on Wednesday, reports The Economic Times.

Minister Mohan Patwary said, "The expansion project of 500 TPD methanol and 200 TPD formaldehyde will be complete soon and then Assam will export these products to Bangladesh."

During the discussion it was decided that a feasibility study will be conducted and a joint group would be formed with Bangladeshi importers and APL officials.

The process of exporting methanol would start via Shiliguri.

The officials agreed to have a government-to-government intervention for the certification of chemical products by an accredited laboratory acceptable to both countries.

The meeting was attended by Dr Tanvir Mansur, Sunit KP, secretary general of Indo-Bangla council for Commercial and Cultural Collaboration, from Bangladesh. From the Indian side APL Chairman Bikul Chandra Deka, Managing Director Rajnesh Gogoi, and Dr KK Dwivedi, principal secretary of the Industries and Commerce Department.

Very welcoming move , will help in further improvement in trade relations , plus Assam will get money to expand industries
 

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Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port (SMP), Kolkata will soon begin ship-to ship (STS) operations for LPG cargo bound for Bangladesh.

"Apart from ushering a new in the Indo-Bangladesh relations, it will also open connectivity between SMP Port Kolkata and Mongla Port of Bangladesh where the LPG cargo is bound for", reports The New Indian Express quoting an official statement in India.

SMP Port was previously known as Kolkata Port Trust.

STS operator M/s Pace Marine Solutions Pvt Ltd approached SMP with a proposal in this regard in October/November 2021 after commencing successful operation of STS for LPG and other liquefied cargo bound for Haldia.

On 19 March, 804 tonnes of Butane from Trincomallee, Srilanka anchored at Sandheads and after completing customs formalities started discharging cargo in four LPG barges, port officials said.

The STS operation involving Floater and LPG barges was being undertaken in Indonesia earlier and SMP, Kolkata is the first major port in India undertaking such operation within its limits, said SMP Chairman Vinit Kumar.

Dredging activities are being carried out by India in Bangladesh for smooth sailing of ships from Kolkata to Bangladesh ports.

 

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The Tripura government has requested Bangladesh authorities to resume operation at two border haats from March 26 that were shut down due to Covid-19 pandemic, said Industries and Commerce Minister Manoj Kanti Deb on Wednesday.

The border haats at Srinagar in South district and Kamalasagar in Sepahijala district have been shut since March 23, 2020 due to the pandemic.

The border haats are the local markets that enable small-volume trading along the India-Bangladesh border. Conceived as a confidence-building measure between the two nations, four border haats were set up between 2011 and 2015- two in Meghalaya and two in Tripura.

"Earlier we requested them (Bangladesh) in March last year to reopen the border haats with adherence to Covid-19 guidelines after the union minister for commerce asked to reopen the border haats in June, 2020. But the haats could not be reopened due to prevalence of the Covid-19 in Bangladesh. Hope, the haats can be reopened with approval of the Bangladesh authorities," Deb said while replying to a notice brought by the Bharatiya Janata Party's Shankar Das in Assembly.

Apart from the two border haats, foundation stone for a third haat was laid at Kamalpur in Dhalai district this year and foundation stone for a fourth haat will be laid at Dharmanagar in North District.

Currently, India annually exports a list of goods and materials worth ₹100 crore through Tripura to Bangladesh and imports material worth 600 crore.

 

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The Bangladesh Economic Zones Authority (Beza) inked a nonbinding agreement with Adani Ports and SEZ Limited of India on 1 April in Mumbai to establish an economic zone at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Shilpa Nagar in Mirsharai of Chattogram.

The Indian Economic Zone will be established on about 857 acres of land with a cost of about Tk964 crore under Indian line of credit of $115 million, said a press release.

Mohammad Irfan Sharif, executive member (planning and development) of Beza, and Captain Sandeep Mehta, president of Adani Ports and SEZ Limited, signed the agreement, called a Term Sheet, on behalf of their respective organisations.

Beza Executive Chairman Shaikh Yusuf Harun and other senior officials were present at the signing ceremony.

As per Investopedia, a Term Sheet is a nonbinding agreement that shows the basic terms and conditions of an investment.

Through this Term Sheet, full-fledged development activities of the Indian EZ will begin. Other processes, including the formation of a company, to operate the EZ will be started in phases.

A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between the Bangladesh government and the Indian government in June 2015 to establish the Indian EZ. The Indian government has selected the Adani Ports and SEZ Limited to work as a developer of the EZ.

Beza Executive Chairman Shaikh Yusuf Harun hoped that the zone will be able to attract Indian investors as it is going to be an international standard EZ by ensuring all investment friendly facilities.

Yusuf Harun also said Bangladesh is becoming a centre for the global business community which will help the country achieve Vision-2041.

"Very low labour cost, skilled manpower, favourable government policies, uninterrupted electricity supply, high productivity and political stability are turning Bangladesh into a global investment hub despite the Covid-19 pandemic," he added.

The main activities of the project are land development, construction of access road, administrative building, security shed, water supply and sanitation system, telecommunication, water treatment plant and other investment friendly facilities.

In this context, recruitment of consulting firms and manpower has already been completed.

Beza is developing the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Shilpa Nagar on around 30,000 acres of land touching three upazilas – Mirsharai, Sitakunda and Sonagazi – in Chattogram and Feni districts.

It is located on the mouth of river Feni covering 25 kilometers of coastline of the Bay of Bengal. Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina laid the foundation stone of the EZ on 28 February, 2016.

Beza is in the process of developing a comprehensive master plan including incorporating sea port, rail connectivity, marine drive, residential area, tourism park, power plant, hospital, school and university for developing this self-contained industrial city.

Various types of industries, including garments and its supporting industries, agro-products and agro-processing products, integrated textiles, leather and leather goods, shipbuilding, motorbike assembly, food and beverage, pint and chemical, paper and products, plastics, light engineering (including auto-parts and bicycles), pharmaceutical products, power and solar park are being set up in the industrial city.

 

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Mahindra Engineering Consultant of India has been appointed as the Project Management Consultant (PMC) to establish the Government to Government (G2G) based Indian Economic Zone (EZ).

An agreement in this regard was signed in the conference room of the Bangladesh Economic Zones Authority (Beza) in Dhaka on Monday.

Indian High Commissioner to Bangladesh Vikram K. Doraiswami attended the event as the guest of honour.

The programme was chaired by Executive Chairman Beza Sheikh Yusuf Harun.

A memorandum of understanding was signed between Bangladesh and India in June 2015 to establish an Indian economic zone.

The estimated cost of the project is Tk964.85 crore (including Indian line of credit $115 million).



Bangladesh ICT division and Indian Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology on Tuesday signed two Memorandums of Understanding (MoU) on mutual cyber security cooperation.

The MoUs, signed at India's capital New Delhi during the Raisina dialogue, have been extended for the next five years from 8 April, said a press release.

The Bangladesh Ambassador to India signed the MoU with the Indian Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology Secretary K Rajaraman.

The MoUs intend to ensure cyber security, exchange policies and practices, and develop Human Resources in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of each country, read the PR.

A joint committee will be formed comprising four BGD e-Gov CIRT and three from CIRT India to implement the agreement.

State Minister for Bangladesh ICT Division Junaid Ahmed Polok and Indian Minister of Electronics and Information Technology Ashwini Vaishnaw were present at the signing ceremony, among others.



After a span of two years, Bangladesh-India border haat at Lauwaghar-Balat reopened on Tuesday.

Balat is a town in the Indian state of Meghalaya (East Khasi Hills District) while Lauwaghar is at Dalora under Sunamganj district, Bangladesh.

The joint border haat management committee decided to re-open this border haat in a joint meeting held on 19 April, according to Indian High Commission in Dhaka.

The committee has also decided to open re-open two more border haats – Ryngku (East Khasi Hills, Meghalaya)-Bagan Bari (Duara Bazar, Sunamganj) on 12 May and Nalikata (South West Khasi Hills, Meghalaya)-Saydabad (Tahirpur, Sunamganj) on 16 May.

At present, Bangladesh and India have seven established border haats and nine more new border haats are in pipeline.

Border haats between the two countries are ready markets that have been established to enable local residents on both sides of the border to market and consume their "local produce".

They are adding new dimensions in cross border trade and people to people connectivity.

According to studies and on-ground reviews, border haats have created employment opportunities for the local community, especially for women and youth, who have emerged as providers of various services: transporters, vendors, workers and food stall owners.

It has also provided additional source of disposable income for the border community and enhanced people to people connect.

Border haats are vibrant centres promoting people to people connectivity, where local community from Bangladesh and India gets an opportunity to sell locally produced agricultural and horticultural products, small agriculture and household goods, minor forest products, fresh and dry fish, cottage industry items, wooden furniture, handloom and handicraft items, etc.

 

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The Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) of India has set the rules for allowing goods import in sealed containers by rail from Bangladesh.

The move is aimed at boosting trade between the two neighbouring nations, reports Indian newspaper LiveMint.

According to an order of the Indian tax authority, the railway lines are being opened up for import on the bases of a request made by Bangladesh, as well as those made by central ministries in the Indian government and merchants.

At present, India uses its rail to only export goods to Bangladesh. And containers coming to Bangladesh from India return empty after completing delivery.

The latest development will allow the current infrastructure – which is being used solely for imports from India – to be utilised for exports by Bangladesh.

 

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Bangladesh's concern over wheat supply may be slightly alleviated as Indian exporters have expressed an interest in exporting 3 lakh tonnes of the staple to Bangladesh.

In a letter to Bangladesh Food Minister Sadhan Chandra Majumder on 20 March, the National Federation of Farmers' Procurement, Processing and Retailing Cooperatives of India Limited (NCOF) said its members would officially export wheat to Bangladesh on a G2G basis as they have received the green signal from the Indian government.

The Ministry of Food has started working on the offer and has sent a letter to Bangladesh High Commissioner in New Delhi Muhammad Imran, who was appointed on 22 May, to arrange for the import of wheat from India.

The Bangladesh side, in its letter, a copy of which The Business Standard has obtained, asked for 5-6 lakh tonnes.

In an interview with the BSS on Tuesday, the food minister said they were looking to import as much as 10 lakh tonnes from India.

He said they got the letter from the Indian national companies, adding, "We are trying to make correspondence with seven to eight Indian wheat export companies and seek clearance from the Indian government."

In the NCOF letter, the organisation said, "At present, our government has put a temporary restriction on the export of Indian Milling wheat. However, we have discussed the issue with the authority concerned and have gotten the 'go ahead' signal to proceed for the negotiation on a government to government (G2G) basis."

The shipment would be released immediately upon the receipt of the letter of credit (LC), it added.

The price for the wheat would be determined through negotiations. Of the 3 lakh tonnes, 2 lakh would be supplied through the Chattogram port. The remaining 1 lakh tonnes will be supplied half through either the Mongla or Khulna ports, and the other half by railway.

The NCOF has also promised to complete the full supply within 120 days of opening the LC.

Meanwhile, the commerce ministry has also sent a letter to India's External Affairs Ministry requesting New Delhi to allow private importers to import wheat from India in addition to the G2G system.

In a letter to the foreign secretary on 18 May, the ministry stressed the close relations between the two countries, highlighting Bangladesh's position as India's fourth largest trading partner, and asked that private importers, too, be allowed to import wheat from India.

The food ministry imports 5-6 lakh tonnes of wheat a year through international tenders. In addition, the imports are also made on a G2G basis at various times to ensure urgent food security.

According to the Ministry of Food, Bangladesh imported about 53 lakh tonnes of wheat in the last financial year, both through public and private organisations. While most of it came from Ukraine and Russia, 4.9 lakh tonnes came from India.

Bangladesh had taken the initiative to increase wheat imports from India following disruptions in the staple's supply from Ukraine and Russia after the two countries went to war last February.

The supply was dealt a double blow when India – the second largest wheat exporter in the world – banned wheat exports on 13 May.
Between the war and India's ban, wheat prices in Bangladesh soared from Tk900 to Tk1,000.

Consumers also found shrinking sizes of different products, including daily consumables such as bread and biscuits which use wheat as a key ingredient. The price of the products also increased.

 

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About 35 tonnes of LP gas has been exported to India through Akhaura land port of Brahmanbaria.

The gas was exported in two tanks on Tuesday (31 May) at noon.

This is the first time that gas has been exported to India through this port.

The gas will be supplied to the Indian Oil Corporation's Bishalgarh plant in the state of Tripura.

Customs C&F Agent Mohsin Ahmed Sarkar, owner of Mou Enterprise, a customs clearing and forwarding agent at Akhaura land port, said Omera Petroleum Limited, a Dhaka-based company, was exporting the LP gas.

About 50,000 tonnes of gas is expected to be exported through this port.


The proposed Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with India is going to be a real shot in the arm for Bangladesh that is set to lose duty preferences after its graduation to a developing nation.

Once the trade deal is signed, Bangladesh's export earnings will go up by $3-5 billion and India's by $4-10 billion in next 7-10 years, according to a final draft report of the joint feasibility study by Dhaka and Delhi.

New investment windows will also open up for both the countries thanks to the proposed CEPA, which is a little different from FTA as it covers many issues, including trade in goods and services, investment, intellectual property rights and e-commerce, according to the draft report submitted to the commerce ministry on Monday.

Md Jafor Uddin, chief executive officer at Bangladesh Foreign Trade Institute, told The Business Standard, "We have submitted [the draft report] to the ministry, which will be finalised at a meeting of the advisory committee chaired by the commerce secretary following a discussion with stakeholders."

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Commerce ministry officials say Bangladesh has no experience in making such agreements. So, they will cautiously complete bilateral negotiations with India over CEPA. Right now, it is not possible to say how many days it will take to sign the deal.

Agreement to benefit both countries

The report, prepared by Bangladesh Foreign Trade Institute and India's Centre for Regional Trade, says, "It may be concluded that the estimates and analysis of this study indicate that the proposed CEPA between India and Bangladesh is not only feasible but also mutually beneficial in terms of possible gains in the realms of trade in goods and services, and investment."

In FY21, Bangladesh imported nearly $8.6 billion worth of goods from India, while its exports amounted to only $1.3 billion.

Under CEPA, the country will have opportunities to enhance its share in exports to the neighbouring country. Marine goods, textiles and apparels, pharmaceuticals, animal and vegetable fats or waxes, inorganic chemicals and flour-based products are among potential export items, according to the draft report.

Bangladesh gets duty-free access to India for all products except 25 products, including arms and drugs under the South Asian Free Trade Area, but exports to the country are still not going up owing to non-tariff barriers.

Bangladesh exports to India crossed $1b last FY

For the first time in the last fiscal year, Bangladesh's exports to India crossed the $1 billion mark. In the first 10 months of the current fiscal year, exports amounted to $1.7 billion, up by more than 58% over the same period of the last fiscal year.

On the other hand, the neighbouring country will get a scope to export food and food items, earth materials, mineral fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, plastic and plastic goods, wood products, cotton, woven fabrics, iron and steel, railway trams and locomotives and other vehicles to Bangladesh.

"Bilateral service trade is likely to benefit from the trade in goods, which is expected to grow as a result of CEPA, due to the necessity of supporting trade in services, such as transport services, insurance and banking services, telecommunication and distribution services," according to the report.

Under CEPA, Bangladesh will be able to export to India professional services, IT/ITes services, construction and related services, financial services, and communication services, while India's export services include other business services, tourism, personal travel and freight services, telecommunications, computer and information services, education and health services, it added.

The draft study report said any efforts to augment trade in goods and services between the two countries would require cross-country and cross-sectoral investment.

Besides, the feasibility study report reveals the potential sectors for investment from India into Bangladesh are food, pharmaceuticals, leather and leather products, textile and apparel sector, agro-based Industries and farm machinery plant, automobiles, light engineering and electronics, ceramics, ICT sector, banking and financial services, telecommunications and mega construction project.

Similarly, Bangladesh will have potential to invest in food and beverages, agro processing, pharmaceuticals, plastics and rubber products, leather and leather products, textile and apparel, jute and jute products, cement, spinning mills, electronics and batteries, travel and tourism and ICT sectors of the neighbouring India.

As per existing policy, Indian citizens are allowed to invest in Bangladesh but Bangladeshis need to take prior permission from the Indian government to do so.

Recommending that businesses from both the countries get equal opportunities in terms of investments, the draft report said both sides would strive for a legally binding investment regime under CEPA so that investment flows between the two countries are not only through automatic route but also through fast-track mode and single window system.

Scope to build regional value chain

The study suggests that there exists scope for building regional value chains (RVCs) between Bangladesh and India.

"The proposed CEPA between Bangladesh and India can help build RVCs through trade in goods and services and investment. Bangladesh and India could explore new RVCs or strengthen the existing ones in sectors, such as agro processing, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, textiles, leathers and electric machinery, because of the potential existing under trade in goods, services and investment and by addressing the challenges related to these, RVCs can play an important role for which CEPA could be the best enabler."

Abdul Matlub Ahmad, president at Bangladesh-India Chamber of Commerce and Industries and former president at Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industries, told TBS that the value chain is now the most important issue in the world.

"India has cotton. We can make yarns and garments. So, if CEPA is signed, joint investment as well as bilateral trade in both the countries will increase," he said.

Skills and resources of the two countries can be utilised for each other's development through the signing of CEPA. This will benefit both countries. There will also be opportunities to create many jobs in Bangladesh, he noted.

"I agree with the fact that the final draft report of the joint survey has raised the possibility of increasing bilateral imports and exports," Abdul Matlub, also said, hoping that the trade volume will further increase if the existing barriers to bilateral trade under CEPA are resolved.

The study report said despite existing institutional mechanisms, trade and economic relations between India and Bangladesh have not reached full potential. Thus, there was a need to integrate both the economies and enhance trade linkages, by way of creating a new institutional mechanism in the form of a CEPA that could include trade and investment between the countries, to enable creation of RVCs.

Integrating both the economies through these dimensions would not only enhance trade but also lead to improve backward and forward linkages which in turn will result in overall economic growth and development on both the sides, it added.

Challenges and possible policy responses through CEPA

Although the possible CEPA would bring significant benefits for both Bangladesh and India, there are a number of possible challenges, including inter alia the need to balance the benefits for both the countries, seamless connectivity between two countries to be ensured through hard and soft infrastructure, securing proportionate protection to sensitive industries, which should be addressed.

The study report said a lack of understanding of the trade policy between the countries can have uncertain and unfavourable implications for importers and exporters and general consumers, especially at the border check-points.

Thus, there is a need for customs cooperation and trade facilitation through the mechanism of CEPA in a holistic manner.

For any success of CEPA, it would be essential to address non-tariff barriers, which CEPA could give due consideration to.

A lack of testing facilities has been a major problem to align food safety standards requirements in Bangladesh with India. Provisions for investment facilitation keeping such endeavours in mind would be useful while negotiating the investment chapter under CEPA.

"The CAROTAR (Customs (Administration of Rules of Origin under Trade Agreements) Rules, 2020) of India needs to be studied in connection with SAFTA rules to prevent any hindrances to trade flows. This could be adequately focused upon in CEPA negotiations."

May crowd out domestic employment

The study report said there are concerns relating to crowding out of domestic employment on both sides if trade in services is included in CEPA. So while giving special emphasis on the potential sectors of trade in services of both the sides, CEPA negotiations could focus on provisions that allay the fear without sacrificing on the potential for enormous growth in temporary movement of natural persons.

One of the most important constraints in the realm of trade in services was identified as the unduly restrictive Visa regimes. This prevented business-to-business contacts and ventures pertaining to trade as well as FDI.

The study report suggests that an adequate policy mechanism is required to mitigate any effects of sudden volatility of currencies so that trade and investment flows remain stable on a bilateral basis.

As a neighbouring country both India and Bangladesh have continued to consolidate their political, economic, trade and cultural relations and have built a comprehensive institutional framework to promote bilateral cooperation.

The two countries have several bilateral agreements and MOUs, including for trade and connectivity, economic and development cooperation, cooperation on water resource and power, investment promotion and protection, double taxation avoidance, opening of border haats, security and border management etc.

Bangladesh India's largest development partner

India's development cooperation with Bangladesh has grown in size and coverage. With $8 billion in three Lines of Credit under implementation, Bangladesh has become India's largest development partner.

During the bilateral commerce secretary level meeting between Bangladesh and India, held in February, 2018, the Indian side raised the issue to sign CEPA under enhancement of bilateral trade.

During the bilateral meeting of commerce ministers, held on September the same year in Dhaka, both the ministers agreed that a CEPA, covering goods, services and investment, would provide a sound basis for substantial enhancement of trade and commercial partnership and directed their officials to undertake a joint study on the prospects of entering into a bilateral CEPA.

During the bilateral meeting of commerce secretary level in January 2020, both the parties decided to undertake a joint feasibility study to find out whether a CEPA will be mutually beneficial for both the countries.


After a proposal from Indian Railways (IR), Dhaka and New Delhi have agreed to work out the details of the possibility of India using rail transit through Bangladesh.

Under the plan, Indian trains will run between Sealdah and Haldibari of West Bengal through Bangladesh. In that case, trains will enter Bangladesh through Gede-Darshana (Chuadanga) border and exit through Chilahati (Nilphamari)-Haldibari border to reach Siliguri.

At the moment, India has road transit facilities through Bangladesh. If approved by the two governments, the proposed route will be the first rail transit facility between the two nations after more than half a century.

Before India-Pakistan partition in 1947, there were eight railway interchanges between the two countries. Only five of them -- Benapole-Petropole, Darshana-Gede, Rohanpur-Singabadh, Biral-Radhikarpur, and Chilahati-Haldibari -- are now operational.

The IR placed the proposal at a meeting with Bangladesh Railway (BR) in April.

Meeting documents seen by The Daily Star show the infrastructure of the route from Gede-Darshana-Ishwardi-Abdullpur-Parbatipur-Chilahati-Haldibari is "fully ready" for the opening of the route.

The IR delegation also sought to increase the number of trains from India through various points for freight transit from one carrier to another.

At the meeting, BR officials sought a new overnight train service from Dhaka to Kolkata via Darshana. Dhaka will place a formal proposal in this regard soon, the document reads.

Apart from the freight trains, two passenger trains are being operated between India and Bangladesh for several years.

Currently, the Maitree Express between Dhaka and Kolkata uses the Gede-Darshana interchange. Bandhan Express operates between Khulna and Kolkata.

Rail communication between the two countries via Chilahati-Haldibari route resumed in December 2020, after a 55-year hiatus. Mitali Express, a third passenger train, resumes operation today.

Resumption of train operation on the Chilahati-Haldibari route has created scope for the IR to revive the old Siliguri-Sealdah route via Bangladesh.

The proposed transit facility will reduce the travel time by nearly three hours. At the moment Indian trains need to travel 573km to reach Siliguri from Sealdah in Kolkata. It will come down to just 200kms if it can travel through the new route.

Before 1965, trains leaving Siliguri would pass through Haldibari and enter Chilahati in the erstwhile East Pakistan en route to Kolkata, according to Times of India.

Following the Indo-Pak war in 1965, this line was permanently shut down.

THE PROPOSAL​

An IR delegation led by Manoj Singh, executive director (traffic transportation) of Indian Railway Board, visited Bangladesh in April as part of groundwork for Bangladesh Railways Minister Nurul Islam Sujan's Indian trip.

The minister left for India on Saturday and is expected to return home on Friday.

The Indian team held a high-level meeting with BR delegations led by Quamrul Ahsan, additional director general (infrastructure), at the Rail Bhaban in Dhaka on April 21.

"It was discussed that transit of IR trains through Bangladesh could be win-win for BR, IR and people and trade of the two countries," reads the meeting document.

"Both sides agreed to work out the finer details and obtain necessary approvals of relevant authorities. This is expected to help reduce congestion for IR and provide apportioned earnings to BR," reads the document.

"Yes. They [Indian Railways] have placed a proposal. However, no final decision was taken in this regard. This is a major issue and is needed to be discussed at policy level," a participant of the meeting told The Daily Star.

Quamrul Ahsan declined to comment on the proposal.

BR Director General Dhirendra Nath Mazumder did not respond to The Daily Star's request for comments.

The Indian proposal came at a time when an Indian newspaper reported that its central government is mulling a second rail route that would connect its north-eastern state of Meghalaya with the rest of the country via Bangladesh.

Recently, the Katihar division of Northeast Frontier Railway sent a proposal to the Railway Board, seeking approval of the project, The Telegraph Online reported on May 5, citing IR sources.

The proposal says the rail route will enter Bangladesh from Hilli and move through places like Ghoraghat, Palashbari and Gaibandha in northern stretches of Bangladesh, and connect Mahendraganj of Tura, reads the news.

OTHER ISSUES​

The Indian side also raised the issue of increasing the number of trains from India at various interchange points by at least 10 to 15 trains per point per month.

BR side said some increase is being planned in the near future at some specific points.

The IR side expressed interest in some projects including conversion of Kaunia-Lalmonirhat section into broad gauge from meter gauge.

The BR expressed interest in restoring the Burimari-Chengrabandhalink and building the Panchagarh-Banglabandha-Rangapani (India) link.


A new train service between Bangladesh and India was flagged off on Wednesday.

The Mitali Express, the third passenger train service between Bangladesh and India, has been launched after a delay of over one year due to Covid-19 outbreak.

The train service was jointly inaugurated in New Delhi at Rail Bhavan under Indian Railways virtually around 10:00am in the presence of Bangladesh’s railways minister Nurul Islam Sujan and the India’s railways minister Ashwini Vaishnaw.

The Mitali Express on the Dhaka–New Jalpaiguri route is set to start its journey from New Jalpaiguri at 11:45am today and reach Dhaka cantonment station at 10:30pm.

On March 26, 2021, prime minister Sheikh Hasina and Indian prime minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Mitali Express.

But due to the outbreak of the delta variant in India and Bangladesh, the service came to a halt.

Later, on Sunday the cross-border train service between Bangladesh and India resumed after remaining suspended for over two years due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

On Sunday, the Maitree Express on the Dhaka–Kolkata route and the Bandhan Express on the Khulna–Kolkata route restarted their international trips.

The Mitali Express will leave India on Sundays and Wednesdays and leave Bangladesh on Mondays and Thursdays.

The number of seats in the train will be 456 during daytime and 408 during night time due to sleeping facilities.

Passengers have to pay $44 (Tk 5,255) for an air-conditioned berth, $33 (Tk 3,420) for an AC seat and $22 (Tk 2,780) for an AC chair seating in the train.

 

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