Actually in post-1980s the rise of east asian industrial export made other developing countries suffering.
India Turkey and south america,east south asia industry cant match the east asian(China Korea Japan Taiwan) and under heavy pressure.
Chinese product are keeping defeat us in EUmarket anddomestic market
I don't agree.
Take for example my home state Tamil Nadu (TN) in India.
TN car exports are about 380,000 (India total is around 700,000) in latest year.
TN population about 76 million, i.e why does 5% of india population export more than half the cars it does?
Extrapolate TN per capita car exports to china population, china would export around 7 million cars
Instead china exported around 3 million cars in latest year.
Essentially TN is exporting more than twice per capita than China in cars.
i.e what did my state do that the heavily populated northern states of india did not do?, in that effectively total India exports is only 10% of what it could be as result?
if any place undertands the onion layers well and develops the onion well (from inside out), it will do well....
i.e China isnt some unmovable phenomenon if you do the analysis on labour profile and comparative advantage diligently enough w.r.t investment.
Its all exactly how deng started the process in the 1980s and tiger east asia before that.
With Turkey the easiest way to approach it is look at export profile and what are the highest value addition things turkey exports
then ask why it isnt exporting twice that and having a larger market share of it than it does?
The capability/capacity is all obviously there (i.e its obviously making and selling them, people are buying it in billions of dollars worth in say europe), so why wasn't the throughput increased much more than it is now?
Simply the investment wasn't sufficient (after all the hard work done to get the initial industries unlocked).
Instead too much went to subsidies, loans and flows in less optimal things that the govt induced in other sectors that are more dead end and elastic in demand. Erdogan admin dropped the ball last 20 years on too many things.