TR Air Defence Programs

BalkanTurk90

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Hisar a is reasonable
Hisar O closer to 30 but okay
But 60 siper? How why? Around 15 would be fine max 20 for training replacements or new deployment
How did you get to 60 also siper 1/2/3 are the same battery just different missile
6-8 needs just to deploy outside in our bases like Kibris, libya, syria, iraq , qatar , somali .
Aslo we have big country when 100k km² S korea order 20+ batteries than why we not 60 which we are 8x more land to protect ?
 

what

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Because a) economics and b) SK is technically still at war with a country that is largely focusing on ballistic missiles, we are not.
 

Yasar_TR

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I predict Kemankeş will be used in this role and It will have much longer range. Overall, It will be 200km range A2A missile against drones.
Advanced 358 missiles powered by solid fuelled rocket engine with a speed of over 700km/hr, can fly at altitudes of 8500m to 10000m and with a 100km range and go after aerial targets. It is launched from ground.

The Kemankes-2 on the other hand has a communication range of 70km. Potentially it can have an operational range of 180+km. But not as yet. It has a speed of 370km/hr. It may have a potential maximum flight altitude of 5500m. But its operational altitude is under 2000m. (6000 ft). Kemankes-2 has a jet engine to propel it. It is Ground launched.

So they are totally different missiles as far as their operational details and kinematics go.

They may both be loitering munitions. But they have very different kinematics.

Kemankes is best for surface attacks and slow moving low altitude aerial targets like helicopters. It can operate under heavy jamming and bad weather. AI integrated operation gives this missile a high end performance for what it is intended.

358 missile is faster and has a higher operational altitude. Also price wise there could be a big difference between the two in favour of the 358. As a cheap alternative to conventional AD system missiles, it could be the ideal choice.
 
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Yasar_TR

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You are correct. Kemankes 2 is launched from ground by a speeding vehicle or Rocket Assisted Launch. Corrected accordingly.
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Speeding vehicle or catapult launch will probably be secondary methods as ROTA launch will give quick successive launch capabilities.
 

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On one side of me is Korkut, and on the other side is Hisar A. We are at the Land Forces Air Defense Command. Some of the weapons forming Turkey's "steel dome" are located in this unit. So, which weapon systems are here? We’ll discuss the features of these systems with Dr. Eray Güçlüer, security analyst for Haber 7. Sir, today we are in a very special place. A part of Turkey's steel dome is located here. What are these weapon systems? Why is this place important?

Yes, it’s truly exciting. To understand Turkey’s defense capacity, we needed to be on the ground. As you said, we are in a very special place, at the center of the Land Forces Air Defense Command. We are in the area where the Hisar A, Hisar O, and Korkut systems, the main combat elements of the Land Forces Air Defense Command, are located. As you can see, the radars are active. Our soldiers are on duty. These are not for exercises or training; they are performing actual combat duties. These are real elements of Turkey’s integrated, multi-layered air defense system the steel dome. That’s why we’re here, to get to know them. Soon, we’ll learn about them one by one with the relevant personnel.

The Hisar O Battery Commander explains: It’s a mid-altitude air defense missile system at the battery level, consisting of a fire control center, mid-altitude radar (Kalkan), missile launching system, missile transport and loading system, electronic and tactical data systems, and support vehicles. It can simultaneously track 60 targets in near-real time, engage multiple targets and launch missiles in succession to destroy up to 18 targets. It has capabilities like friend-foe identification and coordination with air and naval forces, command-control units, and allied forces. These systems meet the tactical air defense needs of brigade- and division-level units during combat. These are highly valuable missiles with 99–100% hit accuracy, providing strong battlefield protection.

But this is not the only battery. Hisar systems (both A and O) are deployed in various regions of Turkey. We're now at the command center of the Hisar system, the Fire Control Center. What does this center do? The commander explains: This is where mission planning, command and control, air picture monitoring, tracking of friendly air defense units and systems, threat assessment, weapon assignment, and the transfer of electronic missile launch commands happen.

Dr. Güçlüer explains: The Hisar O system has five main components. First are the trucks carrying rocket pods, which can travel around 500 km. Then there's the missile system itself, capable of launching 6 rockets in rapid succession every 3–4 seconds allowing for multiple launches in just 10 seconds. The fire control system governs the precision of impact whether it's a close-proximity hit or a direct “hit-to-kill” strike. There's also an onboard camera and electronic system to control the missile’s impact. The fifth part is the radar system, which is operational now as you can see.

Now let’s discuss the Hisar A low-altitude autonomous air defense system. It's integrated into armored tracked vehicles with high mobility and is designed for low-altitude air defense of armored and mechanized units. It can autonomously perform functions like target detection, classification, tracking, command-control, and firing. The Korkut system is also a low-altitude air defense system, mounted on armored tracked vehicles, equipped with 35mm cannons capable of firing 1200 rounds per minute.

Korkut and Hisar A are both part of Turkey’s steel dome, known for their effectiveness and deterrence. Korkut uses airburst ammunition that only two countries in the world can produce. Hisar A stands out for its high maneuverability. Korkut has a dual 35mm cannon, and its ammunition, although simple-looking, contains an electronic circuit and 160 sub-projectiles. This smart ammunition receives data from the radar via an integrated circuit at the tip of the barrel upon firing, determining when and where to explode. It creates a 50-meter-wide shrapnel cloud about 3 meters in front of the target, making it almost impossible for enemy aircraft to evade. The entire timing is controlled by an autonomous AI module.

This system has been effectively used by our units in Iraq and Syria. It’s crucial in combat. Notably, only Turkey and Germany have this technology, and Turkey holds the patent. Moreover, Turkey’s version is superior to Germany’s. More developments will be announced in the future. Another remarkable feature is that despite its heavy armor and weight, the system is amphibious it can float and cross rivers or be deployed from landing ships.


The radar here detects the target in a beam and creates a trajectory for the ammunition to follow. Hisar A also deserves attention; unlike Hisar O, it’s fully autonomous it carries both its radar and rockets, and can exchange data with other units. For example, if a hostile aircraft launches a bomb or drone, Korkut might shoot down the drone, while Hisar A or O could intercept the aircraft itself. These are powerful, smart missile systems that are not only part of Turkey’s steel dome but also integrated with each other. Kudos to those who developed them, and we salute our heroic army with respect.

 
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Strong AI

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We are at the most advanced simulation center in the world. Here, take it—follow. Fire at the target. Not even a fly can fly without our knowledge. Weapons free. Target destroyed. Right now, I’m holding the world’s most effective low-altitude air defense missile on my shoulder. We are at the Air Defense School and Training Center Command. We will speak with Haber 7 security analyst Dr. Eray Güçler. Yes sir, what is the importance of this school? Let's hear it from you.

Of course. This center, named after Air Defense Base Officer Emre Kargın who was martyred in northern Iraq, houses simulations of our air defense weapons systems. Here, trainings are provided through these simulations just like real-life firing situations. So personnel—officers, non-commissioned officers, specialists—are equipped with interfaces that simulate real firing depending on their roles, and they receive training as if they’re conducting actual operations. Afterwards, they go to the field and use these weapons with real firings, remaining always ready for war or duty. That’s why this center is extremely valuable. One of the world’s most advanced simulation systems is located here, which gives it even greater importance. We’ll now enter and explore the center in more detail by speaking with the relevant personnel.

Yes sir, let’s go in slowly together. We are right at the heart of the Air Defense School and Training Center Command. The personnel here are trained using simulations of Turkey’s air defense systems, which are indistinguishable from the real thing. Then they apply the training they received here directly in the field using actual weapons.

This is the training simulator for the 35mm low-altitude self-propelled air defense gun system, Korkut. In this simulator, there is one command and control vehicle and three weapon system vehicles. The personnel here are the same ones who operate the Korkut system in the field. They train here and then go to operate the real Korkut system in their assigned areas. They conduct live fire and remain ready for combat, operating 24/7.

Now, the Korkut system is truly a proven low-altitude air defense system. And I say this proudly: we are currently in the most advanced simulation center in the world. There is nothing beyond this.

The Hisar air defense system can operate in teams made up of at least three systems. Any one of the systems in the team is capable of carrying out the command and control function. The Hisar training simulator is used to reinforce the tactical and technical knowledge acquired by trainees in the training field through simulations. It allows for different scenarios involving aircraft, helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles, air-to-ground missiles, and cruise missiles, and is used to train officers, non-commissioned officers, and specialist personnel in various engagement tasks in a safe and cost-effective way.

I will now start the training for engaging air targets. Our consoles here consist of the command control console and the fire control console. The command control operator detects and confirms the track on the command console, then assigns it to the fire control console. Following assignment, the fire control operator engages the target within effective range.

Engage track number 277. Engagement with track 277 initiated. The fire control operator has taken over the engagement. The target will now be automatically tracked. Weapons free. The operator is now executing the firing operation from the fire control console to engage the target. Missile launched. Following the launch, the missile is now flying to intercept the target.

Seconds remaining: 7... 6... 5... 4... 3... 2... 1... target destroyed. This is how we conduct our training. The target has been successfully destroyed.

Another air defense missile system is also trained here: the Sungur air defense missile system. The Sungur system has replaced the U.S.-made Stinger missiles in Turkey’s inventory and has double the range, reaching up to 8 kilometers.

We are currently in the Sungur Training Simulator classroom. The Sungur crew consists of two people: the shooter and the assistant shooter. The Sungur Training Simulator consists of two sections: the instructor’s scenario preparation section and the student training section. In the instructor section, there is a scenario preparation computer and a scenario execution computer. In the student section, the Sungur air defense missile system is identical to the real system in every way. The shooter uses a tablet screen to view the scenario, while the assistant shooter uses virtual reality goggles to observe the same scenario.

The Sungur air defense missile system is a low-altitude, infrared-guided missile system effective against fighter jets, helicopters, and unmanned aerial vehicles. It is man-portable, fired from the shoulder, uses image processing, and operates on a "fire-and-forget" principle with a range of 8 kilometers.

The Sungur Training Simulator is used to reinforce tactical and technical knowledge learned in the classroom by recreating combat environments through simulation. It allows for training in various scenarios involving aircraft, helicopters, and UAVs, and helps develop command, control, and targeting skills in a cost-effective manner. The simulator also allows for training in different terrains, climates, environmental conditions, and varied scenarios.

Now I will start the training for engaging air targets. Three aircraft on the horizon. Lock on and track. [Music] Engage. Jet moving right to left, fire at target. Target destroyed.

I am honestly very excited. I am holding in my hands the most effective low-altitude air defense missile in the world, developed entirely with national and domestic resources. It has a 100% hit accuracy at a range of 8 kilometers in just 22 seconds. It is the best in its class worldwide. And through this integration process—here in this simulation center—personnel receive training directly from these systems. These trainings are based on real scenarios. Thanks to this, our country has now eliminated its dependency on foreign air defense systems, especially from the U.S., in low-altitude defense. Congratulations to everyone involved. Turkish airspace is now under the control of our soldiers. Not even a fly can fly without our knowledge.

Yes, commander. We are in the Stinger training simulator. What activities are carried out here?

We are currently in the Stinger Training Simulator classroom. The Stinger crew consists of one shooter and one assistant shooter. The simulator has two sections: an instructor scenario preparation section and a student training section. The instructor section includes a scenario preparation computer and a scenario execution computer. The student section includes a replica missile system identical to the real one, and both the shooter and assistant use virtual reality goggles to experience the scenario.

Sir, now we are in the Stinger section. We just covered the Sungur. These two systems are similar, but what are the differences?

There are many differences. For starters, the Sungur system has double the range—8 kilometers—compared to the Stinger. Also, Sungur is a smarter and more advanced weapon. For instance, if the shooter targets the wrong object and pulls the trigger, Sungur won't fire. It gives much more control to the operator, with a hit accuracy of 100%, whereas Stinger’s is about 95%. So a weapon system far superior to the American one has been developed by our national and domestic defense industry.

Of course, the Stinger simulator is still necessary. Why? Because we still have Stingers previously acquired from the U.S. As they are used up, the Sungur will completely replace them and become our primary system. But for now, since we still have a stock of Stingers, we continue to train personnel for them. While the Stinger has a 4 km range, the Sungur has 8 km and far higher precision. It is the best low-altitude air defense missile in the world in its class.

 

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NSPA awards modular GBAD system architecture contracts to Airbus, ASELSAN, Lockheed Martin UK, Raytheon, and Thales​

The NATO Support and Procurement Agency (NSPA) has signed five Outline Agreements with Airbus Defence and Space GmbH, ASELSAN Elektronik Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş., Lockheed Martin UK, Raytheon and Thales LAS. These contracts support the Modular Ground-Based Air Defence (GBAD) Concept Stage through concept studies and technical services.


As the first step in a newly introduced procurement strategy, the selected contractors will begin work on Concept Study #1, focusing on the development of an overarching system architecture framework. This framework will guide future Modular GBAD studies.
The deliverables for Concept Study #1 are expected by mid-September 2025 and will be evaluated to identify the most promising system architecture concepts. Contractors whose solutions are selected will proceed to Concept Study #2 (Modularity) and #3 (New Technologies).

This competitive, multi-contractor setup is designed to generate diverse and independent insights into modularity concepts. It aims to identify and utilise both proven and innovative technologies in support of Modular GBAD operational and supportability capabilities.
NSPA stated that the awarding of Concept Study #1 via multiple Outline Agreements represents “a successful example of the effective governance of all Modular GBAD Support Partnership Nations.” The Agency also reaffirmed its position, saying, “This milestone reaffirms NSPA’s commitment to professionalism, operational efficiency and customer satisfaction, as the Agency becomes the premier choice for multinational defence acquisition across the Alliance, providing a link between Nations and Industry.”

 

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So many lessons to be learned from this. There are plenty of projects companies are working on, plenty of different solutions to similar problems. But it requires a more general outlook and an army and state apparatus that is willing to use that manpower and pour money. Our naval bases, airfields, strategic installations, outposts are not ready for attacks of this scale. Frankly, probably no one's is.
 

Strong AI

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View attachment 75600


So many lessons to be learned from this. There are plenty of projects companies are working on, plenty of different solutions to similar problems. But it requires a more general outlook and an army and state apparatus that is willing to use that manpower and pour money. Our naval bases, airfields, strategic installations, outposts are not ready for attacks of this scale. Frankly, probably no one's is.
Imo this shows us that we should start to mass produce the lowest layers of "Steel Dome" first. Gladly those first two layers are the cheapest too, compared to the upper layers.
Because you can do the job of the upper layers to some extend with your Jets too.
But there is nothing you can do with your Jets against small and low flying threats.
 

Strong AI

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Sources responding to questions about Turkey's preparedness for drone attacks following Ukraine's drone strike on Russia stated:
"In the constantly evolving battlefield, countries are developing new techniques and tactics in line with technological advancements. Our Turkish Armed Forces are closely monitoring the changes and transformations in the nature of warfare brought about by the Russia-Ukraine war and continue to strengthen the defense infrastructure with domestically produced, high-tech manned and unmanned weapon systems based on the lessons learned."

 

Sanchez

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Imo this shows us that we should start to mass produce the lowest layers of "Steel Dome" first. Gladly those first two layers are the cheapest too, compared to the upper layers.
You're not wrong per se, but in the last 5 or so years, how many of these systems were incurred into service? I fear we are being too slow, again. Defence Turk's drone general guide was published when, in 2021? How many direct kill systems, how many wheeled systems, how many jammers do we have? Are they working?
 

Strong AI

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You're not wrong per se, but in the last 5 or so years, how many of these systems were incurred into service? I fear we are being too slow, again. Defence Turk's drone general guide was published when, in 2021? How many direct kill systems, how many wheeled systems, how many jammers do we have? Are they working?
Afaik those systems were first sent to outposts in Iraq and Syria, thats why we had almost no casualties inflicted by drones.
Now and then we hear deliveries of Korkut and other 35 mm systems.
But imo we had to ramp up those numbers by yesterday.
 

Saithan

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Fishnets and similar low level hindrances could be used to prevent any attack. Especially if you consider the terrorists who'd be financed and provided with means to attempt an attack
 

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