They would be much better protected with what? Patriots, THAAD? Iron Dome components? David’ Sling, Arrow? I dont think the protection of air fields is much better than the Israeli cities. Maybe some additional layer of point defence but that wouldnt be effective against ballistic missiles anyhow. In any case, if they have 5 layers of defense we should have 6 layers of attack capabilities. Beginning with Super Simsek, Kargi, K2, Anka-3 with ER-300 and SOM, Tayfun-4, Gezgin etc. All with sufficient numbers. Then even the best protected carrier can be saturated (including all 11 carriers that belong to Israel).
It is not just with what, it is how concentrated and in abundance the defence systems would be too. Even Korkut like guns and CIWS would be effective on cruise missiles. Also point defence missiles potentially can add to the layered defences.
A city like tel Aviv has a metropolitan area of over 1500square km. A typical airbase would be between 10km2 to 20km2. (Incirlik air base is 13km2) .
Hence much easier to protect than a city, especially when you have concentrated weapon systems in hand. It is easier to saturate a city wide defence system.
A missile with an engagement parameter like ESSM, can theoretically shoot down a Brahmos or ER300 or Rampage class supersonic missiles. Anything more advanced will need Patriot, Sm3 or Arrow.
I find your enthusiasm refreshing, and fully agree with the main theme in your last sentence in ().
But saturating CSG (Carrier Strike Group) armaments will take some doing. A target constantly in motion at 30knots is not targetable with the kinds of ballistic missiles Iran has. You need sophisticated HGVs (Hypervelocity Glide Vehicles) for that.
EDIT
You have to plan your moves according to the birds in your hand not according to the birds in the bush.
Of those attack potentials only SOM is in our inventory. (Even that still not fully ready as SOM-C that is going to be used against moving sea targets is still being developed.)
Süper Simsek: not in quantity in the inventory.
Kargi : put on hold and still not in inventory.
K2 : in development stage
Anka3 : Not ready yet. Nor it’s indigenous engine.
ER300 : not in inventory yet
Tayfun 4 : initial testing to be done yet
Gezgin: we only know the name. Not itself.